Exam 2 Flashcards
(117 cards)
1
Q
culturally bound
A
Meanings are…
2
Q
messages expressed by nonlinguistic means
A
Nonverbal Communication
3
Q
direct verbal counterpart (ex. peace sign)
A
Emblems
4
Q
cues that help control verbal interaction (ex. shushing someone)
A
Regulators
5
Q
study of the eyes in communication
A
Oculesics
6
Q
study of body movement (posture, gestures)
A
Kinesics
7
Q
movement of the hands and arms
A
Gestures
8
Q
fidgeting
A
Manipulators
9
Q
movement to accentuate speech (“this big”)
A
Illustrators
10
Q
study of touch
A
Haptics
11
Q
the way a message is spoken/vocal. Nonverbal (ex. tone)
A
Paralanguage
12
Q
filler words
A
Disfluencies
13
Q
study of space
A
Proxemics
14
Q
touch to 18 inches
A
Intimate Distance
15
Q
18 inches to 4 feet
A
Personal Distance
16
Q
4 feet to 12 feet
A
Social Distance
17
Q
12 feet and beyond
A
Public Distance
18
Q
extension of one’s physical being/stationary space
A
Territory
19
Q
study of time
A
Chronemics
20
Q
study of smell
A
Olfactics
21
Q
repeat, substitute, regulate, complement, accent, deceive, contradict
A
Nonverbal Functions
22
Q
Other types of nonverbals:
A
facial expressions, clothing, silence/pauses
23
Q
Nonverbal communication accounts for ___ % of total meaning of communication
A
65 - 93
24
Q
conveys sense of urgency
A
Pitch or Volume
25
conveys quality of voice
Tone
26
Expectancy Violations Theory
if communicative norms are violated, it may be perceived favorably or unfavorably
27
places can be judged by the set up of a room or the objects in it
Physical Environment
28
it exists, nonverbal skills are a necessity, all behavior has communicative value, it is culturally bound, it is primarily relational, and it is ambiguous
Nonverbal Characteristics/Principles
29
Verbal = single channel
Nonverbal = multiple channels
30
Verbal = clear meaning
Nonverbal = ambiguous meaning
31
Verbal = deliberate
Nonverbal = unconscious
32
Does verbal or nonverbal communication have a greater impact?
Nonverbal
33
an active process of receiving stimuli consisting of 5 stages
Listening
34
What are the 5 stages of listening (HAURR)
Hearing, attending, understanding, responding, remembering
35
the process in which sound waves strike the eardrum and cause vibrations that are transmitted to the brain
Hearing
36
the psychological process of selection, choosing what to listen to
Attending
37
the process of making sense of a message
Understanding
38
giving observable feedback to the speaker
Responding
39
the ability to recall information. Hardest stage in the listening process
Remembering
40
After first hearing, ___% of info is remembered, after 8 hours only ___%, and after 2 months only ___% is remembered
50%, 35%, 25%
41
giving careful and thoughtful attention and responses to the speaker
Mindful Listening
42
reacting automatically and routinely, without much mental investment
Mindless Listening
43
the degree of congruence between what a listener understands and what the sender intended
Listening Fidelity
44
the extent to which you focus on feeling what the speaker is feeling
Empathic-Objective Listening
45
the extent to which you accept and support the speaker
Nonjudgmental-Critical Listening
46
the extent to which you focus on the obvious surface meanings
Surface-Depth Listening
47
the extent to which you reflect back on what you think the speaker means in content and feeling
Active-Inactive Listening
48
responses a listener makes to a speaker that you are listening
Back-Channeling Cues
49
staying attentive and nonverbally responsive without offering any verbal feedback
Silent Listening
50
pretending to listen
Pseudo Listening
51
waiting to speak to steal the stage
Stage Hogging
52
respond only to messages that are of value (to you)
Selective Listening
53
ignoring specific messages (ex. politics)
Insulated Listening
54
taking speaker's comments as an attack
Defensive Listening
55
collecting messages to use against the speaker
Ambushing
56
taking speaker's comments at face value
Insensitive Listening
57
restating what you believe to be the speaker's thoughts and feelings and inviting clarification
Paraphrase
58
a response style you use when you want to show that you identify with the speaker
Empathizing
59
a response style you use when you want to show your solidarity with the speaker
Supporting
60
a response style you use when you offer an interpretation of a speaker's message
Analyzing
61
a response style you use when you appraise the speaker's thoughts or behaviors
Evaluating
62
a response style you use when you provide a solution
Advising
63
___ and ___ play a big part in how people respond
Context and gender
64
Keys to informational listening
talk less, get rid of distractions, don't judge prematurely, look for key ideas, ask sincere questions, use aids, paraphrase
65
Examples of situational obstacles to listening:
message overload (too many things at once), message complexity (doesn't make sense), external noise
66
hearing problems, lack of training, preoccupation, rapid thought, prejudgements, lack of effort, faulty assumptions, media influence
Examples of internal obstacles to listening:
67
difficulty physically hearing
Hearing problems
68
no training given on how to listen
Lack of Training
69
thinking about other stuff while the person is talking
Preoccupation
70
processing information faster than the person is speaking, so you tune them out
Rapid Thought
71
you think you know what they are going to say, so you prejudge
Prejudgments
72
incorrect assumptions about communication (ex. talking has more advantages than listening)
Faulty assumptions
73
creates poor listening habits, keeps us distracted
Media Influence
74
emotional/social tone of a relationship
Climate
75
convey value, respect (endorsement, acknowledgement, recognition)
Confirming Message
76
most basic confirming message
Recognition
77
engages (talk and listen) the other
Acknowledgement
78
strongest level/type of confirming message
Endorsement
79
shows a lack of respect or regard (verbal abuse, interrupting, ambiguous, incongruous, irrelevant, impersonal, impervious)
Disconfirming Message
80
name calling, most obvious type of disconfirming message
Verbal Abuse
81
stage hogging
Interrupting
82
subject to many meanings/unclear
Ambiguous
83
off topic
Irrelevant
84
has 2 messages that appear to deny/contradict each other
Incongruous
85
ignore
Impervious
86
judging ("You don't know what you're talking about")
Evaluation
87
free from bias (“I don’t understand how you came up with that idea”)
Description
88
cannot be wrong (“That will never work”)
Certainty
89
confident in decision but may change based on new info (“I think you’ll run into problems with that approach”)
Provisional
90
manipulating, planned (“What are you doing Tuesday after class?”)
Strategy
91
your message is open and honest (“I have a couch I need to move Tuesday afternoon. Can you give me a hand?”)
Spontaneity
92
overpower the other (“You need to stay out of the house for the 2 hours so you don’t mess it up”)
Control
93
focus on issue not controlling the other (“I’m expecting Sam’s parents over soon. Can we work out a way to keep the place clean?”)
Problem Orientation
94
no feeling or investment (“That’s what happens when you don’t plan properly”)
Neutrality
95
attempts to communicate understanding of feeling/emotion (“Ouch – looks like this didn’t turn out the way you expected”)
Empathy
96
better than the other (“You don’t know what you’re talking about”)
Superiority
97
equal to the other (“I see it a different way”)
Equality
98
Seek more information by asking specifics, guess, paraphrasing or asking what the critic wants
How to respond nondefensively to criticism
99
Don't have to agree with entire message necessarily, but with the critic's perception and critic's rights
How to agree with facts to criticism
100
expressed struggle between at least 2 interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals, scarce rewards, and interference from the other party in achieving their goals
Conflict
101
do not engage/avoid
Avoidance
102
give in to the other party
Accommodation
103
see exchange as a win/lose game. Must win
Competition
104
give up to gain. One person has to lose something
Compromise
105
all parties win (win/win). Ask what both parties want, then go from there
Collaboration
106
includes avoidance and/or accommodation
Nonassertive Behavior
107
similar to competitive
Direct Aggression
108
is aggression but covert (hidden)
Passive Aggression
109
hinting or asking for an intermediary
Indirect Communication
110
includes compromise and/or collaboration
Assertion
111
prior conditions, frustration awareness, active conflict, resolution, aftermath
The Stages of Conflict
112
stage is set for conflict, something has happened but both parties might not know it yet
Prior Conditions
113
you know you're mad
Frustration Awareness
114
when frustration is communicated to the other party
Active Conflict
115
when conflict is resolved
Resolution
116
what the relationship looks like after resolution. May result in more conflict
Aftermath
117
Conflict can't begin before it has been ____.
expressed
