EXAM 2 Flashcards
(106 cards)
1
Q
what does Christianity see God as?
A
The Holy Trinity
2
Q
trinity
A
one God existing in three persons, Father, Son, Holy Spirit
3
Q
does the term trinity appear in the Bible?
A
no
4
Q
how do Jews and Islams view the Trinity
A
blasphemy because it confuses Monotheism
5
Q
Jesus’ timeline
A
6 BCE- 30 CE
6
Q
Christ of faith
A
Jesus as preached or taught by the church
7
Q
incarnation
A
The God of Israel became a human being in flesh in Jesus
8
Q
what did Jesus say was the most important commandment
A
“love God with whole being and live thy neighbor as thyself”
9
Q
two names for God
A
merciful daddy- repent and open arms
righteous judge- refused to repent and open arms
10
Q
synoptic gospels
A
similar view- matthew mark luke
11
Q
4 messages of Jesus
A
kingdom of God, relationship with God, ethics, love for God and other peopel
12
Q
Christology
A
The nature and work of Jesus Christ
13
Q
what does Christianity say about Christ
A
He is fully human and divine
14
Q
how did the Disciples take the death of Jesus?
A
by surprise because to their knowledge the Messiah was not supposed to die- reign supreme
15
Q
justificatioin that the Romans killed Jesus
A
they believed His goal was to overthrow the Romans and start a revolt
16
Q
how did Jesus die?
A
by Roman style of execution- crucifixion
17
Q
justification that Jewish leaders killed Jesus (traditional Christian perspective)
A
they thought Jesus was undermining their religious traditions and their power
18
Q
what has the traditional view been used for?
A
excuses to exercise anti-semitic acts and massacres on Jewish people and harbor these attitudes
19
Q
justification that both Romans and Jewish leaders killed Jesus
A
Jewish leaders saw the undermining traditions was a revolt that the Romans wanted to prevent
20
Q
Traditional Jews thoughts on Jew-Christians
A
they were going against God’s will
21
Q
Larger non-Jewish society’s view on Christianity
A
considered them intolerant because they only worshipped one God
22
Q
Why were Christians viewed as cannibals
A
because they drank and ate the body of the Lord
23
Q
Why did they fear Christians were revolutionaries?
A
because of claims such as “Jesus is Lord”
24
Q
Why were Christians viewed as sexually immoral
A
emphasis on love and love feasts
25
what was different about the demographics of Christians?
they were multi-racial and multi-ethnic and found in various areas of the empire- great number of enslaved and poor people
26
persecution
ill-treatment
27
what did active persecution tend to be
sporadic, but overall atmosphere regarded Christians as outsiders
28
what was the role of apologists and martyrs
helped influence people to change their mind about Christianity
29
apologists
made logical, sometime philosophical arguments in defense of Christianity
30
martyrs
those who died rather than compromise Christian convictions or practices
31
an example of a apologist and martyr
Justin Martyr
32
what period was there a focus on Catholic/ Orthodox tradition and defining it
30- 500 CE
33
What happened to Christianity and Judaism over time
excluded each other from respective communities
34
catholic
emphasis of universality of faith
35
orthodox
emphasis on correct doctrine and practice
36
what period has american/ modern christianity
1600- present
37
pluralism
diversity and variety- positive and desirable
38
religious liberty/ freedom
people, as individuals and groups, should be free to practice whatever religion they choose as long as social peace stays in order
39
what role did the civil war play on religion
expanded idea of religious liberty
40
virginia
first formal colony to establish a bill to disestablish religion
41
where were the last three states to disestablish religion located
new england
42
who from Virginia played a critical role in this movement
james Madision and Thomas Jefferson
43
what colonies were also pioneers in this movement
rhode island and Pennsylvania
44
which religious groups were instrumental in advancing religious liberty
baptists, quakers, and deists
45
revivals
religious meetings designed to get people to make an on the spot commitment to the Christian faith
46
when was the first great awakening
late 1720- 1760
47
when was the second great awakening
mid-late 1790s- 1830
48
the great awakenings/ evangelicalism were...
mass movement's where people came in large numbers to hear evangelists and preachers
49
what did the great awakenings/ evangelicalism establish
evangelism as a prominent approach to religion in the US revivalism
50
evangelicalism believes each Christian should have...
a born again/ conversion experience
51
evangelicalism believes centrality is...
in the Bible for authority and guidance
52
evangelicalism believes one should have personal...
devotions and bible study
53
evangelicalism people consist of
enthusiastic preaching and laypeople's sharing of the faith (witnessing)
54
in the past, evangelicalism emphasized
strict moral codes
55
where has evangelicalism critically impacted
the American South
56
there is a strong relation between
ethnicity/ race and American Religion
57
many denominations were found by
African Americans (African Methodist Episcopal, National Baptist Convention, Church of God in Christ- Pentecostal)
58
how have native american and black churches historically contributed to american religion
maintained racial identity, community, solidarity, and important vehicles for political and economic change
59
american originated churches
forms of Christianity that that are either new or making a reappearance in history and arising first in US
60
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
scriptures, doctrines, and practices not recognized by other christian groups
61
seventh day adventists
recapture some aspects of the Jewish faith (Sabbath and dietary rules)
62
Jehovah's witness
their form of the Bible refers to God as "Jehovah" and rejects trinity, and blood transfusions, and saluting american flag
63
Christian Scientists
God is "divine mind" and positive mental thinking
64
holiness
emphasizes Christian perfection and holy living- church of nazarene
65
Pentecostal
power and gifts of Holy spirit are available to modern day Christians as they are Christians in age of apostles - church of God in Christ
66
liberal/ modernist Christians
deemphasize literal translation of the Bible- focus more on symbolic value, values, morals, and ethics- reaosn to understand Bible
67
what type of view on human nature do liberal/modernists have
positive
68
Conservative/ fundamentalist christians
literal understanding of Bible- more supportive of tradition
69
what type of view on human nature do conservative/ fundamentalists have
negative/ realistic
70
how do liberal/ modernists study the Bible
historical/ critical method
71
how do conservative/ fundamentalists study the Bible
not inclined to historical/ critical methods of study
72
liberation theology
at the Heart of the Gospel is the mandate that the faithful earnestly labor to liberate or free people from structures and forces that oppress them
73
what does liberation theology say is the problem with traditional christianity
it places too much emphasis on spiritual liberation the afterlife and insufficient to people's material needs in this life
74
what is liberation theology
a type of Social Gospel or Social Christianity that emphasizes the salvation of the whole person (body and soul) and active efforts to accomplish salvation through political or other involvement in society
75
what did black theology do?
brought together the Christian commitment to justice
76
who was a key representative of black theology
mlk jr, and james cone
77
what was emphasized in black theology
freeing people from structural forces of racial suppression and oppression
78
what did feminist theology emphasize
liberating women from the structures of sexism and patriarchy and the opporession o people based on their gender and sexuality
79
who was an influential activist for feminist theology
mary daly and rosemary ruether
80
womanist theology
fo uses on liberation of black women from racial and gender oppression and suppression
81
who was an influential member of womanist theology
jacquelyn grant
82
latin america liberation theology
began in south america and emphasized economic liberation
83
what was an important activist in latin america liberation theology
gustavo gutierrez
84
other name for politically conservative christianity
Christian rights or religious right
85
what is politically conservative christianity's base
politically conservative activities on its interpretation of the christian faith, with a conservative/ fundamentalist approach
86
what happened in the late1800- early 1900 amoung conservative/ fundamentalists
politics was viewed as unsavory enterprise in which participation was a duty
87
how did they sense one should change?
through the hearts of individual people, not through political or economic restructuring
88
what happened between conservative and liberal Christians in the 1900's
they took a more active interest in promoting more consistent and enthusiastic political involvement through the Christian community
89
what happened between dr jerry falwell and mlk jr during the civil rights movement
he said that mlk should focus on pulpit and more congregation-ally related actives instead of getting involved in politics
90
what year did falwell change his position on christian political involvement
1970s
91
what did jerry falwell founded
moral majority
92
what did pat robertson establish
Christian coalition
93
what did king and other groups find and in what year
Southern Christian leadership conference in 1950s and 1960s
94
what were some other developments in the modern era of religion
decline of denominational identification, institutional affiliation, growth of inter and non denominational religious bodies and Pentecostal and charismatic Christianity
95
what type of change took place in the modern era of religion
greater openness to change, such as gender roles and sexual identity declined influence
96
4 messages of Jesus
kingdom of God, relationship with God, ethics, love for God and other peopel
97
atonement
reconcile humans with God
98
parousia
second coming of Christ
99
second founder of Christianity
paul, justification by faith
100
apostles creed
150-175/ afirms that the God of the Old Testament was the one supreme God
101
nicene creed
325- 381/ affirms concept of Trinity
102
Chalcedonic formula
451/ affirms Jesus was fully human and fully God
103
augustine bishop of hippo
major influence in western Christianity
104
what were augustine bishop of hippos 4 major developments
equality of trintiy, questions of church and state, sacrements, soteriology
105
what did donatists teach
people who has denied faith were illegitimately allowed back in the church
106
what does "TULIP" standform and what reformation uses it
reformed- total depravity, unconditional election, limited attonment, irresistble grace, presevration of saints,
