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RELIGION 1001 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is Muhammad

A

the 7th century restores TRUE islam

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2
Q

what idea does islam reject

A

polytheism and Trinity

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3
Q

what number is islam in religions in the world

A

2nd largest

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4
Q

what type of religion is islam

A

missionary/ proselytizing

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5
Q

what does islam mean/ key of righteousness

A

surrendering/ submitting to God

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6
Q

what is the relationship between the words God and Allah

A

interchangeable

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7
Q

what is Allah’s origin and what does it mean

A

Arabic and God

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8
Q

the sacred text/ scripture of Islam

A

Qur’ an/ Koran

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9
Q

Muhammad ibn Abdullah lifespan

A

ca. 570- 632

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10
Q

who raised Muhammad

A

uncle Abu Talib- never converted

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11
Q

what were three aspects of monotheism Muhammad taught

A

faith, morality, compassion

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12
Q

muhammad taught what about materialism

A

condemned the worship of wealth and misuse of wealth

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13
Q

critical tribal kinship

A

people adhered to tribal/ etnic kinship that was more important than broader human ties

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14
Q

Khadijah

A

first wife of muhammad- helped him understand he was a prophet- while she lived, she was only wife

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15
Q

Aisha

A

muhammad’s second wife- source of details and early life of Muhammad and islamic community

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16
Q

Ali

A

Muhammad’s cousin/ brother- first convert- leader of community- married daughter of muhammad- rise of shiites

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17
Q

Fatimah

A

daughter of muhammad/ wife of Ali

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18
Q

Abu Baker

A

first convert to islam- associate/ companion of prophet- succeeded Muhammad as caliph (not prophet) of Muslim

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19
Q

Mecca

A

where muhammad grew up- home of the kaba holiest city of islam

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20
Q

Medina

A

city to which muhammad and followers emigrate and establish first muslim government

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21
Q

Jerusalem

A

sacred city- 3rd behind Mecca and Medina- where muhammad miraculously was transported then taken to Heaven

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22
Q

610

A

muhammad received revelations from God through angel Gabriel in a cave around <ecca- becomes challenging situation for him- Khadijah helped him understand God was calling him to be prophet

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23
Q

613

A

Muhammad starts public proclamation about faith (pure monotheism)- encounters deep opposition from community

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24
Q

615

A

group of muslims migrated to Ethiopia (Christian empire)

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25
the qur'an has...
5 pillars of religious duty and five central doctrines
26
meaning of word qur'an
lecture or recitation (Muhammad is reciting word of God)
27
what is the strong emphasis on the Qur'an
the literal word of God in Islamic Region
28
size of Qur'an
size of Christian's New Testament
29
how many Surah (chapters)
114- ordered largest chapter to shortest (except first chapter)
30
how should the Qur'an be taught
by hearing it being read- committing to memory is highly honorable
31
what about the scriptures God revelead before Koran?
they have been corrupted by people
32
does the koran contradict original revelations of early scripture of Judaism/ Christianity
no
33
who God revealed scripture to- all religions
Torah- Moses/ Psalms- David/ Gospels- Jesus/ Qur'an- Muhammad (perfect Word of God)
34
What is the signature language
Arabic- Koran has interpretations not translations
35
heavenly Koran
always existed as an attribute of God
36
5 pillars of religious duty/ acts of worship
Shahada, Salat, Sawm, Zakat, Hajj
37
5 central doctrines of islam
tawid, belief in angels, belie in prophets and scriptures, belief in final judgment, belief in divine decree and predestination
38
Shahada
Muslim creed/ profession of faith- must make declaration of faith in front of 2 muslims to be a muslim- Iman
39
Central Declaration of the faith
"There is no God but God and Muhammad is His Messenger"
40
Salat (Ritual Prayer)
must engage in ritual prayer 5 times in one day- public prayer on Friday- pray in direction of Mecca
41
Sawm (Ramadan Fast)
fasting during month of Ramadan (when Muhammad received first revelation)- must refrain from eating, drinking, and sexual activity from sunrise to sunset- bring into communion with God
42
Zakat (Almsgiving)
giving of gifts to poor and needy- spiritually purging fro selfishness and greed
43
Hajj (Pilgrimage)
sacred pilgrimage to Mecca- everyone must make a sacred journey to mecca once in their lifetime
44
what happens if one does pilgrimage with sincerity
they are cleansed from sins
45
what does Hajj refer to
those who make the sacred pilgrimage
46
Jihad
spiritual striving/ striving for faith
47
2 forms of jihad
greater jihad and lesser jihad
48
greater jihad
master oneself
49
lesser jihad
physically fighting for faith- engaging in holy war
50
Tawhid (faith in God's oneness and unity
intellect and commitment- reject of polytheism and Trinity
51
belief in angels
angels- messengers of God/ demons- bad angels under the ledership of Satan (Ibis in Arabic)/ Jinn- spiritual beings with limited life span, good and evil
52
belief in prohpets and scriptures
25 known prophets- Christian and Jewish (Adam, Noah, Moses, Jesus...) 3 Arabian (Hud, Suy' ayb, and Salih)
53
who was the last prophet
Muhammad
54
relationship between messengers and prophets
all messengers are prophets, but not all prophets are messengers
55
Belief in final judgement
God will assemble humanity and judge between those who are righteous/ unrighteous
56
Heaven and Hell are represented more as
Garden of eden and being roasted
57
Belief in Divine Decree and Predestination
decree of God's foreordination
58
what do Shiites emphasize
free will
59
Ummayad Dynasty
claimed ot be original Muslim dynasty
60
what does sunni mean
tradition
61
what percent of muslums are shiah
16%
62
what does shiah mean
the party, the sect, or following
63
what do shiah do
see themselves as loyal to family of prophet Muhammad and follow Ali- Ali's decedents are valid leaders
64
what seperates sunnis and shiites
the doctorine of imam
65
what is shariah
religious law
66
5 categories of conduct in Islamic Law
required, encouraged, neutral, discouraged, forbiddden
67
required category of conduct
must be performed (Pilgrimmage to Mecca)
68
encouraged category of conduct
not required but good and noble (assisting someone to pilgrimmage to mecca)
69
neutral category of conduct
no particular spiritual or moral significance (fishing on a saturday)
70
discouraged category of conduct
undesirable act that is not best to imitate (divorce)
71
forbidden
absolutly wrong (murder)
72
4 foundation sources for religious law to determine if an action is in category of conduct
qur'an, Sunnah (tradition), Qiyas (comparisons), Ijma (consensus of communtiy of scholars)
73
status on women and girls
condemned killing of infant girls
74
response to muhammad's message
heavily persecuted- strong between lower class and enslaved
75
619
Muhammad loses wife and adoptive father
76
620
muhammad negotiates with people of Medina
77
621
makes night journey from mecca to Jerusalem and form Jerusalem he is taken to Heaven
78
622
first year on islamic calendar- year of hijra (mecca- medina) and medina become islamic community
79
628
muhammad consolidates power in medina
80
629
some who migrated to ethiopia return
81
630
muhammad takes ethiopia with little resistance
82
632
muhammad dies unexpectedly
83
who was chosen as the caliph after muhammad
abu bakr
84
first righteous caliph
abu bakr- follower/ companion- 632
85
2nd caliph
umar
86
3rd caliph
uthman- qur'an is textually finalized
87
4th caliph
ali- died 661
88
caliphate
dynasty- series of rulers from family governing after another
89
last great muslim empire
ottoman turks- 1412-1918
90
the kharijites
"even a slave could be a caliph" - free will- morality
91
the murjites
delayed judgment- only God knows- only God judges- predestination
92
shi;ites believe what about the imams
supernaturally guided by God
93
3 principle groups of shi'ites
zaydites, seveners, twelvers
94
mutazilities
early muslim thinkers who challenged way of thinking Islams- philosophical thought-
95
principles that mutazilities emphasized
oneness of God, justice of God, use of reason to interpret qur'an, rejected anthropemorphisms (human characteristics given to God)
96
2 orthodox muslim in favor of traditional doctrines
gazali and baghdadi
97
sufi
islamic mystics (rabia and al-hasan
98
sikhism
99
sikhism

RELIGION 1001 (4 decks)

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