exam 2 Flashcards
(127 cards)
1
Q
Sex
A
a categorization based on the appearance of genitalia at birth- male, female, intersex
2
Q
sexuality
A
the components of a person that includes their biological sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, etc…
3
Q
sexual orientation
A
an enduring, emotional, romantic, sexual, and/ or affectional attraction- homosexual, heterosexual, bisexual…
4
Q
gender
A
a social construct used to classify a person as a man, woman, or another identity- fundamentally different from sex assigned at birth- transgender, cisgender, non-binary
5
Q
challenges faced by homosexuals
A
decisions about coming out & rejection from parents and relatives
5
Q
challenges faced by homosexuals
A
decisions about coming out & rejection from parents and relatives
6
Q
in hetero couples, women view sex and love as what compared to men
A
as highly connect, men view it as separated
7
Q
some strengths of gay and lesbian couples
A
high emotional connection, high role flexibility, egalitarian decision making, psychologically perceptive
8
Q
how do attitudes toward sexuality and sexual behaviors vary?
A
from one culture to another
9
Q
ethnocentrism
A
encourages people to believe that their culture’s thinking and practices are the only “right” or “natural” way to live
10
Q
how are americans changing their discussions of sex
A
more open
11
Q
HIV and AIDS
A
infection that attacks the body’s immune system, specifically the white blood cells called CD4 cells
12
Q
HIV and AIDS prevention
A
PrEP and ART
13
Q
STIs
A
occur at any time during life course- unprotected sex
14
Q
where should education about sexuality begin
A
at home
15
Q
what is linked between college students
A
alcohol use and risky sexual behavior- including sexual assult
16
Q
what does medically comprehensive approach help
A
young people delay sexual activity, reduce frequency, and have fewer sexual partners
17
Q
how might sex drive diminish over time
A
hectic life, DINS (double income, no sex), sheer fatigue, boredom
18
Q
complementary couples
A
most common- aka validating or supportive
19
Q
conflict minimizing couples
A
most stable couple style
20
Q
best friend couples
A
consider friendship as a strong foundation of marriage
21
Q
emotionally expressive couples
A
intense love and anger
22
Q
stages of infidelity
A
climate develops- betrayal- revelation- admission of crisis in marriage- address issues or bury them- forgiveness
23
Q
sexual dysfunction
A
sexual behavior, or lack of it, causes anxiety, anguish, and frustration- leads to unhappiness and distress
24
sex therapy
process of learning the gentle art of lovemaking
25
sex educators
work with larger groups of people and teach general information and principles
26
sex therapists
work with individuals or couples and focus more on individual concerns and problems
27
behavioral exercises to help solve sex problems
help enrich and expand sexual awareness and enjoyment
28
sensate focus
teaches couples how to give each partner pleasure without expecting anything return
29
stop and go technique
teaches men how to control ejaculation and orgasm
30
squeeze technique
when the partner stops stimulating the man's penis, the partner immediately applies pressure to the penis, squeezing it with the thumb and two fingers until there is a tolerable degree of pain
31
what type of estimates of husband's time spent on house work do wives make compared to the time the husbands think they spend
wives make accurate estimates and husbands overestimate
32
who does more child care, mothers or fathers?
mothers- significantly
33
how do mothers feel about giving up their role as parent with most knowledge
ambivalent
34
egalitarian roles
social equality between the sexes
35
who is at an advantage in the more cooperative approach to living
women- because of role in the traditional culture
36
what has happened to the time parents spend with children
increase
37
how do fathers spend time with children
reading, talking, leisure activities
38
how do mothers spend time with children
routine care that needs to be done on regular basis
39
margaret mead
observed that varieties in temperament were not dictated by biology but the creations if societies.
40
david buss said women placed more value on....
wealth and ambition
41
david buss saif men were more interested in....
youth and fertility
42
study by treas in 2011 said cultural values....
contribute to how couples divide household tasks
43
how do latino cultures view men
macho- bravery, altruism, providing for family- egalitarian and share decision making
44
african american cultures and families
flexible and adaptable
45
american indian culutres with families
female headed household
46
asian american culture with families
tradition and respect of elders- segregated sex roles
47
what are immigrants faced with
adjusting to a new set of rules regarding gender
48
social learning theory
concerned with how individuals learn the behavior patterns considered appropriate for their sex
49
cognitive development theory
links gender- role development to general maturation of a child's thinking process
50
feminist framework focuses on...
documenting oppression to make people recognize it, challenge status quo
51
power
ability of individual to change the behavior of other members in a social system
52
power in couples
men, in most couples, are given visible power due to assumption
53
equal power/ support
when individuals notice and respond to each other, are open to influence, and tune in to the emotions of each other
54
power in families
ability of one family member to change the behaviro of the other family members
55
annual family income correlates with...
people's happiness responses
56
income is related to...
low income and poverty and climate change
57
prosocial spending
provides positive emotional benefits for individuals- amount shared is not important bit giving to others is personally beneficial
58
examples of prosocial spending
religious organizations, education, human services, health, arts
59
financial stress is related to...
negative maritial quality
60
debt is negatively related to
marital satisfaction
61
what is related to marital satisfaction for women
assets
62
collective worldview
giving high priority to sharing resources with friends and family - followed by low-income families
63
individualistic worldview
using resources for self-improvement
64
financial infidelity
when there is financial cheating by one or both people in the relationship
65
what do families soend the most money on?
housing, then food, then apparel
66
budgeting
to construct a workable budget couples need to establish amount that comes in, outline expenses, and estimate how much is required for each
67
characteristics of a good budget
simple, realistic, and clear- personal control built in
68
good budgets treat credit as
debt, not income
69
pooling money
pool some money from each person's income to cover joint expenses- smaller separate checking account
70
credit cards have made savings accounts...
very rare
71
debt increases
at a younger age- peaks middle years- tapers at old age
72
renting a house pros
amenities, fewer lifestyle commitments, easier budgeting, no large downpayment
73
renting a house cons
restrictions, rent rises with inflation, no tax deductions
74
buying a house pros
buy against equity, asses that grows in value, contestant payment, better credit rating
75
buying a house cons
big commitment, high maintenance, substantial down payment
76
average interest rate dropped to
4% in 2019 for a 30- year home mortgage- increase in new homes
77
interest rate
an important component to consider in purchaisng home
78
bankruptcy
legal term indicating that a person is financially insolvent and unable to pay debt
79
credit spending
leads to overextension
80
crisis spending
results from unexpected events in life
81
is love or friendship taken more seriously
love
82
strongest love relationships have roots in
friendship
83
love triangle- commitment
cognitive- attachment that develops over time- faithful during hard times
84
love triangle- intimacy
emotional component- sharing feelings and providing emotional support- increase as closeness grows
85
love triangle- passioin
motivational component-physiological arousal
86
sternbergs 8 types of love
intimacy- companionate love -commitment- fatuous love- passion- romantic love
87
jealousy
emotional responses to real or perceived threat to a valued relationship
88
men get jealous if
partner is sexually involved
89
women get jealous if
partner is emotionally involved
90
jealousy is functional because
it encourages person to think about relationship and look for ways to make stronger
91
jealousy is hurtful because
it creates suspicion about a relationship
92
what has happened to the stigma around inline dating
lost much of stigma
93
ages of online dating
adults under 25, adults 50-60
94
proportion of online daters who never went on date with person
1/3
95
women increase intimacy with
higher levels of self- disclosure about themselves
96
men increase intimacy when
doing activities together
97
intimate experience
feeling of closeness or sharing with another person
98
intimate relationships
sharing intimate experiences in several areas over time- expect to continue
99
what happens to intimacy after marriage
completely destroyed
100
constructive intimacy games ...
enhance a relationship, and focus on positives
101
destructive intimacy games....
concealing real motive and manipulating partner into doing something "i don't care you decide"
102
attachment theory
focuses on how children develop attachment to caregivers in infancy
103
attachment developmental trajectory
parents, peers, close friends, romantic partners, spouse sex is part in adulthood
104
parent-arranged marriages
followed in most cultures- accepting and adjusting after marriage
105
couple arranged marriage
freedom of choice in marriage= love match
106
semi arranged marriages
parental approval is obtained before the marriage
107
love- based marriages
happen more often in larger cities
108
cohabitation
most common type of relationship until after birth of a child
109
1970's- hooking up
college students were rejecting formality of dating and found partners at social gatherings
110
who does hookup culture more negatively impact
women - due to walk of shame
111
how do people most commonly find mates
internet of friends
112
what is older people's approach in building relationships
different needs, companionship, alternative living arrangements
113
how is sexual intimacy affected with those who are older
feel they need more
114
mating gradient
women's tendency to marry men who are better educated or more successful than they are
115
sex ration
indicates the relationship between number of men and women in given age
116
birth order
birth order does not matter in mate selection
117
endogamy
tradition of choosing a mate from within one's group
118
exogamy
tradition of choosing a mate from outside one's group
119
how to avoid falling for a jerk curriculum
used around the country to help someone lookin for a partner to discern what to look for
120
attachment theory in mate selection
assumes same kind of emotional bonds between parents and childen are evident in adult intimate relationships
121
exhange theory in mate selection
focuses on how relationships are developed based on rewards received between partners
122
equity theory
focuses on what is fair and unfair in relationship
123
life course theory
describe how individuals and couples transition throughout different stages in life
124
feminist theory
focuses on gender
125
sociobiological theory
emphasizes how evolutionary factors afect romantic and sexual preferences
126
cohabitation contributing factors
religion, divorce, martial discord/ growing up without father
