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Social Psych > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Define conformity.

A

change in behavior or belief as the result of real or imagined group pressure

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of conformity?

A

compliance
obedience
acceptance

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3
Q

Define compliance.

A

public.y performing a requested behavior while privately disagreeing

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4
Q

Define obedience.

A

acting in accord with direct order or command

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5
Q

Define acceptance.

A

both behaving and believing in accord with social pressure

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6
Q

What is auto kinetic phenomenon?

A

self (auto) motion (kinetic)

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7
Q

What was Milgram’s obedience experiments?

A

tested what happens when the demands of authority clash with demands of conscience

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8
Q

What are ethical costs?

A

paid when the scientist acts to deceive those whose trust is based on the expectation of worthiness in return

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9
Q

What are psychological costs?

A

deception particularly severe when they reduce trust in legitimate authority

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10
Q

Define unanimity.

A

observing another’s dissent can increase our own independence

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11
Q

Define cohesion.

A

extent to which members of group are bound together, such as by attraction for one another

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12
Q

Define normative influence.

A

produced by social image; based on a person’s desire to fulfill others’ expectations often to gain acceptace

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13
Q

Define informational influence.

A

occurring when people accept evidence about reality provided by other people (produced by desire to be correct)

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14
Q

Define reactance.

A

motive to protect or restore one’s sense of freedom

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15
Q

Define asserting uniqueness.

A

we act in ways that preserve our sense of individuality

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16
Q

Define persuasion.

A

process by which a message induces change in beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors

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17
Q

Define central route.

A

occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and responses with favorable thoughts

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18
Q

Define peripheral route.

A

occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker’s attractiveness

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19
Q

What is credibility also known as.

A

believability

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20
Q

Define primacy effect.

A

other things being equal, info presented first usually has the most influence

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21
Q

Define recency effect.

A

info presented last sometimes has the most influence; less common than primacy effects

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22
Q

Define granfallon.

A

refer to proud and meaningless associations of human beings; coined by Kurt Vonnegut

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23
Q

Define life cycle explanation.

A

attitudes change as people grow older

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24
Q

Define generational explanation.

A

attitudes don’t change; older people largely hold onto the attitudes they adopted when they were young

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25
What are the 3 persuasive elements?
communicator message audience
26
Define social implosion.
isolation of members with like minded groups
27
Define attitude inoculations.
exposing people to weak attacks upon their attitudes so that when stronger attacks come, they will refutation available
28
Define group.
2 or more people who interact with and influence one another and perceive one another as "us"
29
Define facilitation.
strengthening of dominant responses weather correct or incorrect in the presence of others
30
Define evaluation apprehension.
concern for how others are evaluating us
31
Define driven by distraction.
when we wonder how cofactors are doing or how an audience is reacting (become distracted)
32
Define mere presence.
can be arousing even when we are not evaluated or distracted
33
Define social loafing.
tendency for people to exert less effort when they pool their efforts toward a common goal than when they are individually accountable
34
Define free riders.
people who benefit from the group but give little in return
35
Describe deindividualization.
loss of self awareness and evaluation apprehension; occurs in group situations that foster responsiveness to group norms (good or bad)
36
Define group polarization.
group produced enhancement of members' preexisting tendencies
37
What is the risky shift phenomenon?
occurs not only when a groups decides by consensus; after brief discussion, individuals too will alter their decisions
38
Define social comparison.
evaluating one's opinions and abilities by comparing oneself with others
39
Define pluralistic ignorance.
false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling or how they are responding
40
Define groupthink.
syndrome characterized by concurrence seeking tendency that overrides the ability of a cohesive group to make critical decisions
41
What is task leadership?
organizes work, sets standards, and focuses on goals
42
What is social leadership?
builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support
43
What is transformational leadership?
enabled by a leaders vision and inspiration, exerts significant influence
44
What are primary territories?
places over which the occupant has exclusive control
45
What are secondary territories?
areas shared with others but over which regular users have considerable control
46
What are public territories?
uncontrolled areas that are used by whoever is the first to arrive
47
Define prejudice.
preconceived negative judgment of a group and its individual members
48
Define discrimination.
unjustified negative behavior towards a group or its members
49
Define racism.
prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behavior toward people of a different race
50
Define sexism.
prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behavior toward people of a different sex
51
What is social dominance orientation?
motivation to have one's group dominate other social groups
52
What is an authoritarian personality?
personality that is disposed to favor obedience to authority and intolerance of out groups and those lower in status
53
Define ethnocentricity.
believing in the superiority of one's own ethnic and/or cultural groups, and having a corresponding disdain for all other groups
54
What is a result of displaced aggression?
hate crimes
55
What is realistic group conflict theory?
prejudice arises form competition between groups for scarce resources
56
What is terror management?
people's self protective emotional and cognitive responses when confronted with reminders of their morality
57
Define spontaneous categorization.
social identity theory implies that those who feel their social identity keenly will concern themselves with correctly categorizing people as us or them
58
What is the out group homogeneity effect?
perception of out group members as more similar to one another than are in group members
59
What is own race bias?
tendency for people to more accurately recognize faces of their own race
60
Define stigma consciousness?
person's expectation of being victimized by prejudice or discrimination
61
What is group serving bias?
explaining away out group members' positive behaviors, also attributing negative behaviors to their dispositions
62
Define just world phenomenon.
tendency of people to believe that the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get
63
Define sub typing.
accommodating individuals who deviate from one's stereotype by thinking of them as exceptions to the rule
64
Define subgrouping.
accommodating individuals who deviate form one's stereotype by forming a new stereotype about this subset of the group
65
What is a stereotype threat?
disruptive concern, when facing a neg stereotype, that one will be evaluated based on a neg stereotype

Social Psych (4 decks)

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