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Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define aggression.

A

physical or verbal behavior intended to cause harm

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2
Q

What is hostile aggression?

A

driven by anger and performed as an end in itself

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3
Q

What is an example of hostile aggression?

A

crime of love

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4
Q

What is instrumental aggression?

A

aggression that is a means to some other end

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5
Q

What is an example of instrumental aggression?

A

war

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6
Q

What is incivility associated with?

A

lower job satisfaction
less willingness to help
employee health
lower perceptions of civility

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7
Q

What is incivility?

A

low intensity deviant behavior with ambiguous intent to harm the target

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8
Q

What are some theories on aggression?

A

intact theory and evolutionary psychology
neural influences

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9
Q

What is instinct theory and evolutionary psychology?

A

innate unlearned behavior pattern exhibited by all members of a species

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10
Q

What is neural influences?

A

abnormal brains can contribute to abnormally aggressive behavior

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11
Q

What are some biochemical influences on aggression?

A

alcohol
testosterone
low serotonin

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12
Q

Define frustration.

A

blocking of goal directed behavior

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13
Q

What is frustration aggression theory?

A

theory that frustration triggers a readiness to aggress

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14
Q

What is relative deprivation?

A

perception that on his less well off than others with whom one compares oneself

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15
Q

What is rewards of aggression?

A

through experience and by observing others we learn that aggression often pays

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16
Q

What is social learning theory?

A

we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded and punished

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17
Q

What are some aversive incidents?

A

physical pain
psychological pain
heat
attacks

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18
Q

Define arousal.

A

given state of bodily arousal feeds one emotion or another

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19
Q

What is aggression cues?

A

violence is more likely when aggressive cues release pent-up anger

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20
Q

What is an example of an aggression cue?

A

other drivers

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21
Q

What is distorted perceptions of sexual reality?

A

studies confirm that exposure to pornography increase acceptance of the rape myth

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22
Q

What is televisions effects on behavior?

A

frequent result of correlating children’s TV viewing with aggressiveness is the more violent the content the more aggressive the child

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23
Q

What were the TV viewing experiments?

A

ross parke and Jacques leyenes

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24
Q

What did the TV viewing experiments do?

A

showed institutionalized american and Belgian delinquent boys a series of either aggressive or nonaggressive commercial films

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25
Why does TV viewing affect behavior?
arousal it produces viewing violence disinhibits media portrays evoke imitation
26
What are televisions effects on thinking?
desensitization social scripts altered perceptions cognitive priming
27
What are social scripts?
culturally provided mental instruction for how to act in various situations
28
What are altered perceptions?
media portrayals shape perceptions of reality
29
What is cognitive priming?
media portrayals prime thinking
30
Define proximity.
geographical nearness; functional distance
31
What is mere exposure?
tendency for novel stimuli to be liked more or rated more positively after the rater has been repeatedly exposed to them
32
What are examples of mere exposure?
the black bag payola
33
What is the matching phenomenon?
tendency for men and women to choose as partners those who are a "good match" in attractiveness and other traits
34
What is the physical attractiveness stereotype?
presumption that physically attractive people possess other socially desirable traits as well
35
Is the "beauty is good" stereotype accurate?
attractive people are valued and favored, and so many develop more social self confidence
36
How is evolution and attraction connected?
assumptions that beauty signal biologically important info
37
What does attractiveness of those we love mean?
we see likable people as attractive
38
What is complimentary?
popularly supposed tendency, in a relationship between two people, for each to complete what is missing in the other
39
What is ingratiation?
use of strategies, like flattery, by which people seek to gain another's favor
40
How is self esteem and attraction connected?
how we feel about ourselves determines how we feel about our relationship
41
What is the reward theory of attraction?
theory that we like those whose behavior is rewarding to us or whom we associate with rewarding events
42
What is passionate love?
emotion, exciting, and intense; expressed physically
43
What is the two factor theory of emotion?
suggests that in a romantic context, arousal from any source, even painful experiences, can be steered into passion
44
What is companionate love?
affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply intertwined
45
What is attachment?
the fact that our need to belong is adaptive; parents and children friends spouses or lovers
46
What is secure attachment?
rooted in trust and marked by intimacy
47
What is preoccupied attachment?
marked by a sense of one's own unworthiness and anxiety, ambivalence, and possessiveness
48
What is dismissive attachment?
avoidant relationship style marked by distrust of others
49
What is fearful attachment?
avoidant relationship style marked by fear of rejection
50
Define equity.
condition in which the outcomes people receive from a relationship are proportional to what they contribute to it
51
What is long term equity?
as people observe their partners being self giving, their sense of trust grows
52
What is Newcomb's balance theory also known as?
A-B-X model
53
What is the A-B-X model?
proposes there is a natural inclination for an actor to organize thoughts about a person and thoughts about another person, object, or issue in any way that is harmonious
54
What is self disclosure?
revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others
55
What is disclosure reciprocity?
tendency for one person's intimacy or self disclosure to match that of a conversational partner
56
What is loyalty in a relationship?
waiting for conditions to improve
57
What is neglect in a relationship?
ignore the partner and allow the relationship to deteriorate
58
What is voicing concerns in a relationship?
take active steps to improve relationship
59
What social exchange?
theory that human interactions are transactions that aim to maximize one's rewards and minimize one's costs
60
Rewards can be what?
internal and external
61
What do internal rewards do?
reduce guilt exceptions to the feel bad do good scenario feel good, do good
62
What is the feel bad do good scenario?
effect occurs only with people who attention is on others
63
What is reciprocity norm?
expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them
64
What helps define the social capital?
reciprocity norm
65
What is social capital?
supportive connections, info flow, trust, and cooperative actions
66
What is social responsibility norm?
expectation that people will help those needing help
67
What is kin selection?
idea that evolution has selected altruism toward one's close relatives to enhance the survival of mutually shared genes
68
What is genuine altruism?
our willingness to help is influenced by self serving and selfless considerations
69
What is empathy?
vicarious experiences of another's feelings
70
Are sympathy and empathy the same thing?
no
71
What is the bystander effect?
finding that a person is less likely to provide help when there are other bystanders
72
Prosocial models promote what?
altruism
73
What is the network of traits?
positive emotionality empathy self efficacy
74
What does religious faith do?
predicts long term altruism
75
What was the good samaritan study?
the only variable that showed some effect was religion as a quest
76
What are the 4 ways to personalize a bystander?
personal request eye contact stating one's name anticipation of interaction
77
What is the door in the face technique?
after someone first turns down a large request the same requesters counteroffers with a more reasonable request
78
What is moral exclusion?
perception of certain individuals or groups outside the boundary within which one applies moral values and rules of fairness
79
What is moral inclusion?
regarding others as within one's circle of moral concern
80
What is moral exclusion and inclusion basically known as?
moral out-groups vs in groups
81
What models altruism?
prosocial TV models
82
Who came up with the 4 models of helping?
brickman and colleagues
83
What are the 4 models of helping?
moral model compensatory model medical model enlightenment model
84
What is the moral model?
actors are held responsible both for problems and solutions and are believed to need proper motivation
85
What is the compensatory model?
people are not seen as responsible for problems but they are responsible for solutions
86
What is the medical model?
individuals are seen as neither responsible for the problem nor for the solution
87
What is the enlightenment model?
actors are seen as responsible for problems but as unable or unwilling to provide solutions
88
What is a problem with the moral model?
can lead its adherents to hold victims of leukemia and rape responsible for they fate
89
What is a problem with the compensatory model?
may alienate the people they help
90
What is a problem with the medical model?
fosters dependency
91
What is a problem with the enlightenment model?
can lead to a fanatical or obsessive concern with certain problems
92
What is the over justification effect?
result of bribing people to do what they already like doing
93
What are the 6 steps in socializing altruism?
focus on the positive explain the reason set an example let them help promote a prosocial self image be a warm, empathetic parent

Social Psych (4 decks)

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