Exam 2 Flashcards by Taylor Glotzbach

Decreased TRH, Decreased TSH, Elevated T3/T4

Primary Hyperthyroidism

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MC Disease associated with Primary Hyperthyroidism?

Graves

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Decreased TRH, Increased TSH, Elevated T3/T4

Secondary Hypperthyroidism

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MC Disease associated w/ Secondary hyperthyroidism?

Pituitary Adenoma

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MC Disease associated w/ Primary Hypothyroidism?

Hashimoto’s

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What antibodies are associated with Hashimoto’s?

1) Thyroid Peroxidase (tpo)
2) Thyroglobulin (Tg)

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Elevated CPK, LDH & AST: Diagnosis?

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What do the radiological findings of “pencil cup deformity” indicate?

Psoriatic Arthritis

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Alcoholic with Stomach pain & nausea:
- Elevated Amylase & Lipase
- BP of 104/60
- slight fever
Diagnosis?

Acute Pancreatitis

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Elevated ALP, Calcium, Phosphorus. Diagnosis?

Bone Breakdown

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Low Hgb and Inc. MCV. Gold Standard test?

Schilling

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Functional test for B12 deficiency

MMA

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Which test is more sensitive for MI, LDH or AST?

LDH

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Storage form of Iron is…

Ferritin

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For chronic iron deficiency, what do levels of Iron and TIBC look like?

Low Iron & High TIBC

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For anemia of chronic disease what do the levels of Iron and TIBC look like?

Low Iron & Low/Normal TIBC

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Elevated WBC’s & Lymphocytes indicate:

Viral Infection

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Elevated WBC’s & Neutrophils Indicate:

Bacterial Infection

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Elevated WBC’s & Eosinophils Indicate:

Allergies and Parasites

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What markers indicate Liver Issues?

Increased: ALT, AST, ALP, GGTP
Decreased: Albumin

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Elevated Lymphocytes, ALT, AST, ALP. Diagnosis?

Viral Hepatitis

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Increased Conjugated bilirubin indicates what?

Obstruction

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Increased Indirect bilirubin indicates:

Hemolysis

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What are the 3 causes of obstruction?

1) Gallstones
2) Inflammation of Bile Duct
3) Tumor at the Head of the Pancreas

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Visceral Referral pattern for the kidney is:

Flank Pain

Visceral Referral pattern for the Gallbladder is:

RUQ & Right Scapula

Foam in the urine & Fatty Casts in the Urine, Fatigue, loss of appetite, generalized edema. Diagnosis?

Nephrotic Syndrome

What markers are positive for a UTI?

1) Nitrites 2) Leukocyte Esterase

Increased ESR, Positive HLA-B27. Diagnosis?

Radiographic signs seen in AS:

1) Trolley track 2) Bamboo Spine 3) Dagger 4) Ghost Sign

Downey cell is associated with:

Mono

Howell Jolly Bodies are associated with:

Sickle Cell Anemia

What lab values are associated with HIV?

1) Western Blot 2) ELISA

What tests would you run for Mono?

1) Monospot 2) Atypical Lymphocytes (Downey cells) 3) Paul Bunnell test

What tests do you run if you suspect Type 2 DM

1) HgbA1c 2) Fasting Blood Sugar 3) GTT 4) Urinalysis for (glucose, ketones)

Skip Lesions & Diarrhea indicate what?

Regional Ileitis (Crohns)

Abdominal cramps, fever & bloody diarrhea. Diagnosis?

Ulcerative Colitis

Alternating Constipation & Diarrhea. Diagnosis?

IBS

Painful frank blood vs. non-painful frank blood

Painful: Hemorrhoids Non-Painful: Carcinoma

Hypertension, Edema, Foamy Urine, Proteinuria, Waxy casts. Diagnosis?

Nephrotic Syndrome

15 y.o. W/ pallor & fatigue. What tests do you run?

Hgb, MCV, Ferritin, Iron, TIBC

15 y.o. W/ pallor & fatigue. Differential diagnoses?

Chronic iron Deficiency Anemai

Low back pain, Pale & tires easily. UA: SSA+2, Inc. ESR, Rouleaux +. Diagnosis?

Multiple Myeloma

What proteins are present in a patient with multiple myeloma?

Bence Jones Proteins

14 y.o. W/ nausea/fatigue. Coca-Cola colored urine and recent Hx of Pneumonia. Diagnosis?

Acute Glomerulonephritis

14 y.o. W/ nausea/fatigue. Coca-Cola colored urine and recent Hx of Pneumonia. Lab Findings?

UA: - White Foam - Protein - Few Casts

Which organ is most associated with referred visceral pain to the epigastric area?

Pancreas

What test is associated with Myasthenia Gravis?

Tensilon test

42 y.o. Overweight female w/ RUQ pain. What lab values do you expect to see?

- Total Bili - ALT, AST, ALP - Direct (conjugated) Bili - Yellow Foam in urine - Biirubin in Urine

12 y.o. W/ photophobia, nausea & vomiting. Fever, headache & neck pain. Diagnosis?

Meningitis

Substernal chest pain that comes on with Exertion and does not go away with rest. Diagnosis?

Unstable Angina

What should you be concerned with with heavy smokers?

AAA

What Diagnoses are most associated with referred visceral pain to the LLQ?

1) Diverticulitis 2) Ulcerative Colitis 3) Constipation

Substernal chest pain following heavy meals with relief several hours later. Diagnosis?

Esophageal/GERD

Tests to confirm Multiple Myeloma: (3)

1) Serum Protein Electrophoresis 2) Bence Jones Proteins 3) Rouleax

Alcoholic with Epigastric pain, Elevated Total Bili, Elevated AST, Elevated ALP, Increased Serum Lipase & Amylase. Diagnosis?

Acute Pancreatitis

Right Calf pain that comes on with walking for 5 minutes. Diagnosis?

Intermittent Claudication

5 D’s and 3 N’s of V.B.I.:

Diplopia, Dizziness, Drop Attacks, Dysarthria, Dysphagia Numbness, Nystagmus, Nausea

Positive Trendelenburg Sign. Diagnosis?

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease

Classic presentation of an Osteoid Osteoma:

- Young, Male - Midback pain worse @ night & relieved by ASPIRIN - Pt. Has acute angle scoliosis

What are some common sources of a pulmonary embolism?

- Fracture releasing a fat emboli - DVT - Other clotting disorders

What tests do you run for a suspected Pulmonary Embolism?

1) D-dimer 2) CT

What test can be used to localize damaged myocardium?

Radionuclide Heart Scan

What does Decreased CSF Glucose Indicate?

1) Meningitis 2) Metastasis 3) Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

List the CPK Isoenzymes and their Meaning:

CPK-BB: Brain, Breast, Breath CPK-MB: Myocardium CPK-MM: Muscle

What is the definitive test for pernicious anemia?

Shilling

What are some common causes of Increased CSF pressure?

1) Leukocytosis in the CSF 2) Blood in the CSF 3) Cerebral Trauma 4) Brain/Cord Tumor, Abscess, Hemorrhage 5) Lupus, MS 6) Diabetes w/ Peripheral Neuropathy

What are the 3 major categories of anemia?

1) Production Defect Anemia 2) Depletion Anemia 3) Factor Deficiency Anemia

List the LDH Isoenzymes and their meaning:

LDH-1: Heart LDH-2 & 3: Pulmonary congestion LDH-3: Lungs LDH 4 & 5: Liver Congestion LDH 5: Liver, Skeletal Muscle

What does a positive PANDY test indicate?

1) Chronic Infection 2) Syphilis 3) Multiple Sclerosis

With a brain tumor, how does the CSF present?

1) Increased Intracranial Pressure 2) Increased CSF Pressure 3) Increased CSF Lactate 4) Increased CSF Protein 5) Clear and Colorless 6) Normal Cell Counts

With blood loss from chronic bleeding, the anemia has what type of RBC Morphology?

Microcytic & Hypochromic

Cause of Microcytic Anemia:

Iron Deficiency

Cause of Macrocytic Anemia:

B12 Deficiency

MC Cause of Anemia:

Bleeding

Increased ESR Indicates:

Chronic Inflammation

Increased CRP Indicates:

Acute Inflammation

Exam 2 Flashcards

(77 cards)