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KNR 182(2) > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

2 fundamentals goals of digestion?

A

Digest
Absorb

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2
Q

Digested organic molecules are used for 2 things:

A

Cell anatomy(structure) & cell energy (ATP)

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3
Q

What are the 6 digestive tract organ

A

Mouth
Pharynx
Esoph
Stomach
LI
SI

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4
Q

What are the 6 accessory organs?

A

Teeth
Tongue
Salivary glands
Pancreas
Liver
Gallbladder

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5
Q

What is propulsion

A

Movement of food/swallowing; peristalsis

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6
Q

What are mechanical breakdown

A

Physical process- chewing.mixing: segmentation
Mechanical breakdown
Mixed with different juices and enzymes

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7
Q

What is a chemical breakdown

A

Food breakdown by enzymes, secretions

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8
Q

Rhythmic local constrictions moving food FWD and BWD

A

Segmentations

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9
Q

Layer that secretes mucus and enzymes

A

Mucosa

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10
Q

Layer responsible for reinstall is and segmentation

A

Sub mucosa

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11
Q

Layer consisting f rich blood supply and electric fibers

A

Submusocsa

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12
Q

Enzyme in saliva that starts chemical digestion of CHO

A

Amylase

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13
Q

Another name for swallowing

A

Deglutiton

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14
Q

Another name for chewing

A

Mastication

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15
Q

What are the three accessory organs that work with the small intestine?

A

Pancreas, liver and gallbladder

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16
Q

The organ that produces bile?

A

Liver

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17
Q

The organ that produces pancreatic juice?

A

Pancreas

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18
Q

Does bile breakdown FATS, CHO, or PRO?

A

FATS

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19
Q

Is pancreatic juice more acidic or alkaline?

A

Alkaline

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20
Q

The two hormones involved in pancreatic juice secretion?

A

Secretin and CCK

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21
Q

Which hormone stimulates bicarbonate release?

22
Q

Mechanical digestion in small intestine is?

23
Q

What are the three parts/sections of the small intestine?

Study These Flashcards
A

DJI
Mucosa ,sub ,villi
Brush border enzymes

24
Q

What % of absorption takes place in the small intestine?

25
Why can the small intestine absorb as well as it does?
Folds, micro villi and villi
26
Enzymes located on top of the villi?
Brush line
27
What is the major function of the large intestine?
Water absorption
28
List the 4 regions of the large intestine in order?
Cecum, ascending, trans,descending, sigmoid colon,rectum and anal canal
29
What sphincter is involuntary? Which one is voluntary?
Internal and external
30
What is segmentation called in large intestine?
haustral contaction
31
What kind of peristalsis is in large intestine?
Mass movement /peristalsis
32
6.The nervous system that is considered “Gut Brain”
Enteric nervous system
33
Involved in stimulating defecation - parasymp or symp?
Parasympathetic
34
What stimuli cause GI to reflex and respond?
Mechanical and chemical—-> stretch ,ph, osmolarity, end products, digestion, etc
35
7.Match: Short Ref Extrinsic CNS/ENS Long Ref Intrinsic ENS
Short ref-intrinsic ens/cns Long-extrinsic- ens/cns
36
Glycolysis is the breakdown which nutrient?
CHO
37
Glycolysis takes place where in a cell
Cytosol(no oxygen) and mitochondria(oxygen)
38
Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic
Anaerobic
39
Is glycolysis a direct or indirect production of ATP
Direct
40
What 3 metabolic pathways breaks down a glucose?
Glycolysis-Karen’s cycle -etc
41
What is the initial substrate of glycolysis
Glucose molecule (6 carbon)
42
What are the final products of glycolysis
2atp 2nadh 2pyruvates
43
What are the three major phases of glycolysis
Energy invites-sugar split- oxidation/atp production
44
Which phase is the “Energy Investment Stage”
Phase 1
45
If O2 is present, where does NADH2 and pyruvic acid go?
NADH2 —-> ETC,pyruvate—-> KC
46
If O2 not present, what happens to NADH2 and pyruvic acid?
NADH2 oxidized- pyruvate reduced= lactic acid
47
Triglyceride is made up of a glycerol head + 3 fatty acid tails… What metabolic pathway does the glycerol head get metabolized
Glycolysis
48
How much ATP does 1 glycerol head yield?
19
49
What metabolic pathway does the fatty acids get metabolized?
(beta oxidation)
50
Fatty acids metabolic pathway goal is to develop what products?
Acetylene coA-krebs NADH/FADH2-ETC
51
What metabolic pathways do those products go?
165
52
20 carbon fatty acid tail yields how many ATP?

KNR 182(2) (4 decks)

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