Exam 2 Flashcards
(216 cards)
1
Q
What bones make up the shoulder girdle?
A
- Scapula
- Clavicle
1
Q
The _____ & _____ move as a unit
A
Scapula ; Clavicle
2
Q
________ articulation with sternum is only bony link to _______ skeleton
A
Clavicle’s ; Axial
3
Q
KNOW BONY LANDMARKS
A
Ok
4
Q
Which shoulder girdle joint is multi-axial and arthrodial?
A
Sternoclavicular (SC) joint
5
Q
In relation to the manubrium, the clavicle carries out what 3 functions? (PR, ED, Hsgm)
A
- Protracts and retracts
- Elevates and Depresses
- Has slight gliding movements
6
Q
Which shoulder girdle joint is strictly arthrodial? (ACj)
A
Acromioclavicular (AC) joint
7
Q
_____ - _____ of gliding & rotational motion accompany shoulder girdle and shoulder joint motions.
A
20* ; 30*
8
Q
Which shoulder girdle joint is often injured?
A
AC joint
9
Q
What is the ligamentous support of the AC joint?
A
- Coracoclavicular ligaments
- Acromioclavicular ligaments
10
Q
Which shoulder girdle joint is not a true synovial joint? (Sj)
A
Scapulothoracic joint
11
Q
In regards of the Scapulothoracic joint, movements depend on ___ & ___ joints which allows the scapula to move.
A
SC ; AC
12
Q
What are the main movements of the Scapulothoracic joint? (AA,UrDr, ED)
A
- Abduction/Adduction
- Upward/Downward Rotation
- Elevation/Depression
13
Q
What joint is supported dynamically by its muscles? (Sj)
A
Scapulothoracic joint
14
Q
T/F: The Scapulothoracic joint has ligamentous support.
A
False
15
Q
The scapula moving laterally away from spinal column is referred to as what?
A
Abduction (protraction)
16
Q
The scapula moving medially toward the spinal column.
A
Adduction (retraction)
17
Q
The inferior movement of scapula, as in returning to normal position.
A
Depression
18
Q
The superior movement of scapula, as in shrugging the shoulders.
A
Elevation
19
Q
Returning inferior angle and medially toward spinal column & glenoid fossa to normal position.
A
Downward rotation
20
Q
Turning glenoid fossa upward & moving inferior angle superiorly and laterally away from spinal column to assist in raising arm.
A
Upward rotation
21
Q
For some movements, ____ must rotate on axis.
A
Scapula
22
Q
What shoulder girdle movement occurs during abduction? (Ir,lt)
A
Internal rotation, lateral tilt
23
Q
What shoulder girdle movement occurs during extreme adduction? (Er,mt)
A
External rotation, medial tilt
24
Rotational movement of scapula about frontal axis during glenohumeral hyperextension.
Anterior/upward tilt
25
Rotational movement of scapula about frontal axis during glenohumeral hyperflexion.
Posterior/downward tilt
26
Shoulder girdle muscles are primarily innervated by ______ and _____ plexus.
Cervical ; brachial
27
What muscles are apart of the cervical plexus? (TLsR)
- Trapezius
- Levator scapula
- Rhomboid
28
What muscles are apart of the brachial plexus? (LsRSaPm)
- Levator scapula
- Rhomboid
- Serratus anterior
- Pectoralis minor
29
What are the shoulder girdle muscles? (TRLsSaPm)
- Trapezius
- Rhomboids
- Levator scapulae
- Serratus anterior
- Pectoralis minor
30
What shoulder girdle muscles are posterior and lateral?
- Serratus Anterior
31
Which shoulder girdle muscles are on the anterior? (PmS)
- Pectoralis minor
- Subclavius
32
The trapezius, rhomboid, Levator scapulae are ______.
Posterior
33
What is the origin of the trapezius muscle? (Bos,op)
Base of skull, occipital protuberance
34
What are the insertions of the trapezius muscle? (CApS)
Clavicle, Acromion process, scapula
35
What is the origin of the Levator scapulae muscle?
C1-C4
36
What is the insertion of the Levator scapulae?
scapula
37
What is the origin of the rhomboid muscles (major and minor)?
C7, T1, T2-T5
38
What is the insertion of the rhomboid muscles (major & minor)? (S)
Scapula
39
What is the origin of the serratus anterior muscle? (Ratc)
Ribs at the chest
40
What is the insertion of the serratus anterior muscle? (Ms)
Medial scapula
41
What is the origin of the pectoralis minor muscle? (R)
Ribs
42
What is the insertion of the pectoralis minor muscle? (S)
Scapula
43
What is the origin of the subclavius muscle? (R)
Ribs
44
What is the insertion of the subclavius muscle? (C)
Clavicle
45
What are the agonists of scapula abduction? (PmSa)
- Pectoralis minor
- Serratus anterior
46
What are the agonists of the scapula adduction? (TR)
- Trapezius
- Rhomboids
47
What are the agonists of Scapula Upward Rotation? (TSa)
- Trapezius
- Serratus Anterior
48
What are the agonists of scapula downward rotation? (PmR)
- Pectoralis minor
- Rhomboid
49
What are the agonists of scapula elevation? (LsTR)
- Levator scapula
- Trapezius
- Rhomboid
50
What are the agonists of scapula depression? (TPm)
- Trapezius
- Pectoralis minor
51
_______ is attached to the axial skeleton via the clavicle at the SC joint.
Shoulder joint
52
What joint has a wide ROM in many different planes?
Shoulder joint
53
The shoulder joint is common to have ____ problems.
Instability
54
What bones are in correlation of the shoulder joint? (SCH)
- Scapula
- Clavicle
- Humerus
55
KNOW SCAPULAR & HUMERAL BONY LANDMARKS
Ok
56
What shoulder joint, is where the glenoid fossa and humerus meet
Glenohumeral joint
57
What are 2 characteristics of the Glenohumeral joint? (MeBasj)
- Multiaxial enarthrodial
- Ball-and-socket joint
58
Which ligaments provide stability in the glenohumeral joint?
Glenohumeral ligaments
59
T/F: Glenohumeral ligaments are tense until extreme ROM is reached.
False; they are lax
60
_______ + _______ = ________
Glenohumeral joint ; Shoulder joint ; Shoulder ROM
61
Scapulohumeral rhythm is an example of what?
Synergistic relationship
62
T/F: For every 2* of glenohumeral motion, there is 1* of scapula motion
True
63
Upward lateral movement of humerus to the side, away from body.
Abduction
64
Downward movemnt of humerus medially toward body from abduction, can continue past midline.
Adduction
65
Movement of humerus straight anteriorly.
Flexion
66
Movement of humerus straight posteriorly.
Extension
67
Movement of humerus toward and across chest.
Horizontal adduction/ Transverse flexion
68
Movement of humerus away from chest?
Horizontal abduction/transverse extension
69
Movement of humerus laterally away from midline.
External rotation
70
Movement of humerus medially toward midline
Internal rotation
71
Movement of humerus in a diagonal plane away from midline of body
Diagonal abduction
72
Movement of humerus in a diagonal plane toward midline of body.
Diagonal adduction
73
The glenohumeral joint is frequently injured due to what?
its anatomical design
74
What are 3 injury results of the glenohumeral joint?
- Anteroinferior glenohumeral subluxations and dislocations
- Posterior dislocations
- Posterior instability
75
________ enhances stability by deepening the concavity of the fossa.
Glenoid labrum
76
What is the injury that occurs when there is a superior labral tear ant. to post.
SLAP tear
77
What is known as the difference in ROM between throwing and non throwing shoulders?
Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD)
78
All shoulder joint muscles are innervated from the _____ plexus.
Brachial
79
C5 - C6 innervate which shoulder joint muscles? (DTmSTmSI)
- Deltoid
- Teres minor
- Subscapularis
- Teres major
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
80
C5 - C7 innervate which shoulder joint muscles? (PmC)
- Pectoralis major
- Coracobrachialis
81
C6 - C8 innervate which shoulder joint muscles?
- Latissimus dorsi
82
C8 & T1 innervate which shoulder joint muscles?
Pectoralis major
83
Match Shoulder Joint Action with Shoulder Girdle:
1. Abduction :
2. Adduction :
3. Flexion:
4. Extension:
5. Internal rotation:
6. External rotation:
7. Horizontal abduction:
8. Horizontal adduction:
1. Upward rotation
2. Downward rotation
3. Elevation
4. Depression
5. Abduction
6. Adduction
7. Adduction
8. Abduction
84
Which shoulder joint muscles are anterior? (PmCS)
- Pectoralis major
- Coracobrachialis
- Subscapularis
85
Which shoulder joint muscles are superior? (DS)
- Deltoid
- Subscapularis
86
Which shoulder joint muscles are posterior? (LdTmITm)
- Latissimus dorsi
- Teres minor
- Infraspinatus
- Teres major
87
What is the origin of the deltoid? (CAS)
Clavicle, Acromion, scapula
88
What is the insertion of the deltoid?
Humerus
89
What is the origin of the pectoralis major? (CRS)
- clavicle
- ribs
- sternum
90
What is the insertion of the pectoralis major?
Humerus
91
What is the origin of the Latissimus dorsi? (ISpo612)
- ilium
- spinous process of T6-T12
92
What is the origin of the teres major?
Scapula
93
What is the insertion of the teres major?
Humerus
94
What is the origin of the coracobrachialis?
Scapula
95
What is the insertion of the coracobrachialis?
Humerus
96
The supraspinatus performs what movements? (ASoth)
- Abduction
- Stabilization of the humerus
97
The infraspinatus muscle performs what movements? (ErHaESoh)
- External rotation
- Horizontal abduction
- Extension
- Stabilization of humerus
98
The teres minor muscle performs what movements? (ErHaEDaSoh)
- External rotation
- Horizontal abduction
- Extension.
- Diagonal abduction
- Stabilization of humerus
99
The Subscapularis muscle performs what movements? (IrAESoh)
- Internal rotation
- Adduction
- Extension
- Stabilization of humerus
100
What are the glenohumeral flexion agonists? (DPm)
- Deltoid
- Pectoralis major
101
What are the glenohumeral extension agonists? (TmLdPm)
- Teres major
- Latissimus dorsi
- Pectoralis major
101
What are the glenohumeral abduction agonists? (DSPm)
- Deltoid
- Supraspinatus
- Pectoralis major
101
What are the glenohumeral adduction agonists? (LdTmPm)
- Latissimus dorsi
- Teres major
- Pectoralis major
102
What are the glenohumeral Internal rotation agonists? (LdTmSPm)
- Latissimus dorsi
- Teres major
- Subscapularis
- Pectoralis major
103
What are the glenohumeral external rotation agonists? (ITm)
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
104
What are the glenohumeral horizontal abduction agonists? (DItm)
- Deltoid
- Infraspinatus
- Teres minor
105
What are the glenohumeral horizontal adduction agonists? (DPmC)
- Deltoid
- Pectoralis major
- Coracobrachialis
106
What are the glenohumeral diagonal abduction agonists? (DITm)
- Deltoid
- Infraspinatus
- Teres minor
107
What are the glenohumeral diagonal adduction agonists? (DCPm)
- Deltoid
- Coracobrachialis
- Pectoralis major
108
What is a Ginglymus or hinge-type joint? (Ej)
Elbow Joint
109
The Elbow joint is responsible for what 2 movements?
Flexion & Extension
110
What are the 2 interrelated elbow joints?
- Humeroulnar
- Radioulnar
111
Stability in elbow flexion is primarily dependent on which 2 ligaments?
RCL & UCL
112
Which ligament helps stabilize radial head?
Annular ligament
113
What joint is a Trochoid or pivot type joint?
Radioulnar joint
114
Fill in the blank.
Synergy between ________, _____, and __________ muscles.
Glenohumeral ; elbow ; radioulnar joint
115
What is movement of forearm to shoulder by bending the elbow to decrease its angle?
Flexion
116
Movement of forearm away from shoulder by straightening the elbow to increase its angle
Extension
117
Internal rotary movement of radius on ulna that results in hand moving from palm-up to palm-down position
Pronation
118
External rotary movement of radius on ulna that results in hand moving from palm-down to palm-up position
Supination
119
Most upper extremity movements involve what two joints?
Elbow & radioulnar
120
What are the main bones of the elbow and radioulnar joints? (HUR)
Humerus
Ulna
Radius
121
During full extension of the elbow joint, the ______ process meets the _______ fossa
Olecranon
122
During full flexion of the elbow joint, the _______ process fits into the ______ fossa
Coracoid
123
In the elbow joint, what ligament is primarily injured?
UCL
124
What is the UCL surgical reconstruction using a tendon graft such as the palmaris longus tendon? (TJP)
Tommy John Procedure
125
What is a common problem near the lateral epicondyle?
Tennis elbow
126
What is a less common problem near the medial epicondyle?
golfers elbow
127
All elbow and radioulnar joints muscles are innervated from what 3 nerves of the brachial plexus? (MMR)
- Median
- Musculotaneous
- Radial
128
What muscles are innervated by the radial nerve? (TbBSAS)
- Triceps brachii
- Brachioradialis
- Supinator
- Anconeus
129
What muscles are innervated by the median nerve? (PtPq)
- Pronator teres
- Pronator quadratus
130
What muscles are innervated by the Musculotaneous nerve? (BbB)
- Biceps brachii
- Brachialis
131
What is the origin and insertion of the biceps brachii muscle? (S;R)
Origin: Scapula
Insertion: Radius
132
What is the origin and insertion of the Brachialis muscle? (H;U)
Origin: humerus
insertion: ulna
133
What is the origin & insertion of the Brachioradialis muscle? (H;R)
Origin: humerus
I: radius
134
What is the origin & insertion of the triceps brachii muscle? (SH;U)
Origin: Scapula & Humerus
Insertion: Ulna
135
What is the origin & insertion of the Anconeus muscle? (H;U)
Origin: Humerus
Insertion: Ulna
136
What is the origin & insertion of the Pronator teres? (HU;R)
Origin: Humerus & ulna
Insertion: Radius
137
What is the origin & insertion of the Pronator quadratus muscle? (U;R)
Origin: Ulna
Insertion: Radius
138
What is the origin & insertion of the supinator? (HU;R)
Origin: humerus & ulna
Insertion: radius
139
What are the agonists of elbow flexion? (BbBB)
- Biceps brachii
- Brachialis
- Brachioradialis
140
What are the agonists of elbow extension? (TbA)
- Triceps brachii
- Anconeus
141
What are the agonists of radioulnar pronation? (PtPqB)
- Pronator teres
- Pronator quadratus
- Brachioradialis
142
What are the agonists of radioulnar supination? (BbSB)
- Biceps brachii
- Supinator
- Brachioradialis
143
How many bones does the wrist and hand contain?
29 bones
144
What are the 29 bones in the wrist and hand? (RUCbMbP)
- Radius & Ulna
- 8 carpal bones
- 5 metacarpal bones
- 14 phalanges
145
What are the 8 wrist bones?
(Shy Lovers Try Positions That They Can’t Handle)
- Scaphoid
- Lunate
- Triquetrum
- Pisiform
- Trapezium
- Trapezoid
- Capitate
- Hamate
146
Which of the 8 carpal bones is most likely to get injured?
Scaphoid
147
What is considered to be finger #5?
Pinky
148
What bones join the wrist bones?
Metacarpal bones
149
Each phalange has 3 bones besides:
Thumb
150
What are the two bony landmarks of the humerus? (MeLe)
- Medial epicondyle
- Lateral epicondyle
151
What is the bony landmark of the ulna? (Cp)
- Coronoid process
152
What is considered to be the wrist joint?
Radiocarpal joint
153
What joint is a condyloid-type joint?
Radiocarpal joint
154
The wrist joint can compose which movements?(FEAA)
- Flexion
- Extension
- Abduction
- Adduction
155
Each finger has 3 joints which are what?
- MCP
- PIP
- DIP
156
Thumb has what 2 joints?
- MCP
- IP
157
What is the joint located at the base of the thumb?
CMC joint
158
The MCP joints are also known as what?
Knuckles
159
The MCP joints can perform what movements?
Flexion & extension
160
The PIP joint can perform what movements?
Flexion & extension
161
The DIP joints can perform what movements?
Flexion & extension
162
The MCP joint can perform what movements?
Flexion & Extension
163
The IP joint can perform what movements?
Flexion and extension
164
The CMC joint can perform what movements?
Abduction, adduction, flexion, and extension
165
What is the most common joint in the body for osteoarthritis?
CMC joint
166
Movement of palm of hand toward anterior aspect of forearm
Flexion of wrist
167
Movement of back of hand toward posterior aspect of forearm
Extension of wrist
168
Movement of thumb side of hand forward lateral aspect or radial side of forearm
Abduction of wrist/radial flexion
169
Movement of little finger side of hand toward medial aspect or ulnar side of forearm.
Adduction of wrist/ulnar Flexion
170
Movement of phalanges toward anterior aspect of forearm
Flexion of fingers
171
Movement phalanges toward posterior aspect of forearm
Extension of fingers
172
Movement of fingers away from middle finger
Finger abduction
173
Movement of fingers toward middle finger
Finger adduction
174
Movement of the thumb as it returns to anatomical position form opposition
Reposition
175
Movement of the thumb across palmar aspect
Opposition
176
All wrist and hand muscles are innervated from the _____, _____, and ______ nerves branches of the brachial plexus. (RMU)
Radial ; Median; Ulnar
177
What is the most traumatized upper limb nerve?
Ulnar branch
178
When we hit our funny bone, it is considered to be what?
Ulnar nerve contusion
179
T/F: A ulnar nerve contusion may lead to hypersensitivity.
true
180
What is swelling and inflammation that can cause increase pressure in carpal tunnel resulting in decrease function of median nerve?
Carpal tunnel syndrome
181
T/F: Carpal tunnel syndrome cannot be prevented.
False
182
_____ muscles move the wrist but not fingers and thumb.
6
183
What are the 3 wrist flexors? (FcrFcuPl)
- Flexor carpi radialis
- Flexor carpi ulnaris
- Palmaris longus
184
What are the 3 wrist extensors? (EcrlEcrbEcu)
- Extensor carpi radialis longus
- Extensor carpi radialis brevis
- Extensor carpi ulnaris
185
_____ muscles are the primary movers of the phalanges.
9
186
What are the 3 phalangeal flexors? (FdsFdpFpl)
- Flexor digitorum superficialis
- Flexor digitorum profundus
- Flexor pollicis longus
187
What are the 5 phalangeal extensors? (EdEiEdmEplEpb)
- Extensor digitorum
- Extensor Indicis
- Extensor digiti minimi
- Extensor pollicis longus
- Extensor pollicis brevis
188
What is the abductor of the thumb and wrist? (Apl)
Abductor pollicis longus
189
What is the origin & insertion of flexor carpi radialis muscle? (H;M)
Origin: humerus
I: 2nd & 3rd metacarpal
190
What is the origin & insertion of flexor carpi ulnaris muscle? (HU;Pw)
Origin: Humerus & ulna
Insertion: Palmar wrist
191
What is the origin & insertion of palmaris longus muscle? (H;Pa)
Origin: humerus
Insertion: palmar aponeurosis
192
What is the origin and insertion of the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle? (HU;M)
Origin: Humerus & ulna
Insertion: 5th metacarpal
193
What is the origin and insertion of the extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle? (H;M)
Origin: Humerus
Insertion: 3rd metacarpal
194
What is the origin and insertion of the extensor carpi radialis longus muscle? (H;M)
Origin: Humerus
Insertion: 2nd metacarpal
195
What is the origin and insertion of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle? (HUR;P)
Origin: Humerus, Ulna, Radius
Insertion: Phalanges
196
What is the origin and insertion of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle? (U;P)
Origin: Ulna
Insertion: Phalanges
197
What is the origin & insertion of the extensor digitorum muscle? (H;P)
Origin: humerus
Insertion: phalanges
198
What is the origin and insertion of the extensor Indicis muscle? (U;P)
Origin: Ulna
Insertion: Phalanges
199
What is the origin and insertion of the extensor pollicis longus muscle? (U;T)
Origin: Ulna
Insertion: thumb
200
What is the origin and insertion of the extensor pollicis brevis? (R;T)
Origin: Radius
Insertion: thumb
201
What is the origin and insertion of the abductor pollicis longus muscle? (RU;T)
Origin: Radius and ulna
Insertion: thumb
202
How many intrinsic muscles are on the radial side?
4
203
How many intrinsic muscles are on the ulnar side?
3
204
How many intrinsic muscles are neither on the ulnar or radial side?
11
205
What is the muscular pad on palmar surface of 1st metacarpal
Thenar eminence
206
What are the 4 muscles in the thenar eminence? (ApbOpFpbAp)
- Abductor pollicis brevis
- Opponens pollicis
- Flexor pollicis brevis
- Adductor pollicis
207
What is the muscular pad that forms ulnar border on palmar surface?
Hypothenar eminence
208
What are the agonist muscles of wrist flexion? (FcpFcuPlFdsFdpFpl)
- Flexor carpi radialis
- Flexor carpi ulnaris
- Palmaris longus
- Flexor digitorum superficialis
- Flexor digitorum profundus
- Flexor pollicis longus
209
What are the agonist of wrist extension? (EcrlEcrbEcuEdEiEdmEplEpb)
- Extensor carpi radialis longus
- Extensor carpi radialis brevis
- Extensor carpi ulnaris
- Extensor digitorum
- Extensor Indicis
- Extensor digitorum minimi
- Extensor pollicis longus
- Extensor pollicis brevis
210
What are the agonist muscles of wrist abduction? (FcrEcrlEcrbAplEplEpb)
- Flexor carpi radialis
- Extensor carpi radialis longus
- Extensor carpi radialis brevis
- Abductor pollicis longus
- Extensor pollicis longus
- Extensor pollicis brevis
211
What are the agonist of wrist adduction? (FcuEcu)
- Flexor carpi ulnaris
- Extensor carpi ulnaris
212
What are the agonist of phalangeal flexion? (FdsFdpFpl)
- Flexor digitorum superficialis
- Flexor digitorum profundus
- Flexor pollicis longus
213
What are the agonist of phalangeal extension? (EdEiEdmEplEpb)
- Extensor digitorum
- Extensor Indicis
- Extensor digitorum minimi
- Extensor pollicis longus
- Extensor pollicis brevis
