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A&P 1 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Oxidoreductases

A

Oxidation-reduction reactions
“Lactate dehydrogenase”

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2
Q

Transferases

A

Transfer of function group from one molecule to another
Ie: phosphofructokinase ADP+Pi—>ATP

Kinases

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3
Q

Hydrolases

A

Used H2O to break chemical bonds
IE: hydrolysis - removes phosphate groups

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4
Q

Lyases

A

Cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N without water of redox reaction

IE: ATP—> CAMP
Adenylyl cyclases

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5
Q

Isomerase

A

Catalyze intermolecular rearrangement

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6
Q

Ligases

A

Formation of bonds to form simple compounds “tying them together”

IE: DNA ligase

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7
Q

Catabolism

A

ADP+Pi —> ATP

Making of energy and breaking from large to small molecule

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8
Q

Anabolism

A

ATP—> ADP + Pi

Use energy created in catabolism to build

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9
Q

To catabolize glucose do you reduce or oxidize it

A

Oxidize

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10
Q

Max total of ATP we can get from catabolizing 1 glucose molecule

A

38

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11
Q

Which step of glucose metabolism doesn’t make CO2

A

Glycolysis

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12
Q

How many ATP Does glycolysis make

A

2

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13
Q

Which pathway in glucose metabolism makes FADH and how many

A

Krebs cycle- 2

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14
Q

Which pathway of glucose metabolism doesn’t make ATP

A

Bridge step

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15
Q

How many ATP does the Krebs cycle make

A

2

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16
Q

How many co2 are made in the bridge step

A

2

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17
Q

How many co2 are made in the Krebs cycle

A

4

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18
Q

Net reaction of glycolysis

A

Glucose+ 2ADP+ 2Pi+ 2NAD —> 2 pyruvate +2NADH + 2ATP

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19
Q

Net reaction of bridge step

A

2pyruvate + 2CoA+ 2NAD—> 2acetyl CoA+ 2NADH + 2CO2

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20
Q

Is NAD or FAD a stronger oxidizing agent

A

FAD

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21
Q

Net reaction of the Krebs cycle

A

2 acytyl CoA + 6NAD + 2FAD +6H2O +2ADP + 2Pi —> 2coA + 6NADH + 2FADH+ 4CO2+ 2ATP

22
Q

Net reaction of oxidative phosphorylation with NADH

A

10 NADH + 5O2+ 30ADP +30Pi—> 10NAD + 10H2O+ 30ATP

23
Q

Net reaction of oxidative phosphorylation with FAD

A

2FADH+ 10O2+4ADP+4Pi—> 2FAD+ 2H2O+4ATP

24
Q

Overall net reaction of glucose metabolism

A

Glucose+ 6O2+ 38ADP + 38Pi—> 6CO2+ 6H2O+ 38ATP

25
When would glycogenolysis occur
Between meals (when BG low we want stored glycogen to be broken down)
26
When would gylcogenesis occur
After meals (We want to store glucose as glycogen in the liver)
27
Fatty acids need to use what protein to be carried through the blood
Albumin
28
Where does glycolysis occur
Cytoplasm of a Cell (not mitochondria)
29
What is the most common Ketone
Acetoacetate
30
Name three nitrogenous wastes
1. Urea 2. Creatinine 3. Uric acid
31
4 fates of pyruvate
Anaerobic metabolism Fermentation Bridge step Transamination
32
What is transamination
Pyruvate into the liver to make nonessential AA for protein synthesis
33
What byproduct do we have left after deamination
NH3+ (ammonia)
34
What does ammonia combine with and make to be excreted
Combined with CO2 (from Krebs) Excreted as urea
35
What type of AA are used to translate mRNA into polypeptides through transamination in the liver
Both non essential and essential
36
What is glycogenolysis
-Break down of glycogen to glucose -Catabolism -would happen between meals
37
What is glycogenesis
- Glucose being stored as glycogen in the liver - after meals -anabolism
38
What is gluconeogenesis
- Liver making new glucose from AA delivered to the liver - between long periods of no food- storage depleted - anabolic
39
Where does fat metabolism begin and end
Starts in adipose cell and ends with ATP made in muscle cell
40
What’s the most common Ketone
Acetoacetate
41
Breakdown of more complex AA creates what nitrogenous waste product
Creatinine
42
Breakdown of Nucleic acids creates what nitrogenous waste product
Uric acid
43
What is PFK
- Allosteric enzyme - can be inhibited to slow down glycolysis
44
Name 3 allosteric inhibitors
- ATP (too much present) - NADH (Too much) - 2,3 DPG
45
Which step of gylocolysis is irreversible
Fructose 6 phosphate to fructose 1,6 diphosphate through enzyme PFK
46
What enzyme is used in the bridge step
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
47
What does alpha ketoglutarate in the Krebs cycle turn into
Glutamate
48
Where does NAD come from in the diet
Niacine
49
Where does FAD come from in the diet
Riboflavin
50
How many times do you cycle through the Krebs cycle
2 times- had 2 acetyl CoA from bridge
51
How many lactic acid do you get from pyruvate
2 You start with 2 pyruvate from glycolysis

A&P 1 (5 decks)

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