- albumin - fibrinogen - globules (alpha, beta, gamma)

Exam 4 Flashcards by Megan huskins

3 plasma proteins

albumin
fibrinogen
globules (alpha, beta, gamma)

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name examples of alpha and beta globules

transferrin, other clotting factors, enzymes, cytokines, compliment factor 9, thrombin

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what is oncotic pressure

oncotic force that prevents loss of plasma fluid from capillaries into the tissues

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what is responsible for keeping bloods oncotic pressure

plasma proteins

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whats mainly inside RBC

hemoglobin

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hematocrit level

~ 40%
- slightly higher in men

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hemoglobin concentraion

~ 15g/dL
- dL=100mL
- slightly higher in men

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MCV (mean corpuscular value)

average volume in RBC
~ 90

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what does low MCV mean for the cell

microcytic

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what does high MCV mean for the cell

macrocytic

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MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin)

average amount of HGB In a RBC
- 30

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what does low MCH mean for the cell

microcytic and/or hypochromic

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what does high MCH mean for the cell

hyperchromia – rare

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MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration)

% of RBC vol taken up by HGB
34%

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what does low MCHC mean for the cell

hypochromia

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what does high MCHC mean for the cell

possible microcytic cell

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white count

4K-10K cell/mm^3

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platelet count

150K-400K cell/mm^3

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Route to lymphocyte

pleuripotent hematopoietic stem cell–> IL3–> lymphoid stem cell–> lymphocyte

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route to erythrocyte

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stem cell–> IL3 + GM-CSF–> myeloid stem cell –> EPO+ GM-CSF—> proerythroblast –EPO–> basophilic erythroblast –EPO–> polychromatic erythroblasts –EPO–> normoblast –EPO–> reticulocyte –> erthyrocyte

what is a reticulocyte

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“baby RBC”

released from bone marrow and circulation with mature RBC’s
makes up 1-2% of all red blood cells

polycythemia vera

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erythropoiesis >hemolysis
- cancer in bone marrow
- Hct can be 80-90%–> thick blood

Anemias

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erythropoiesis < hemolysis
- blood loss anemia
- hemolytic anemia
- erythroblastosis fetallus

is hct high or low in blood loss anemia

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low
- plasma replaced faster than RBC

two types of hemolytic anemia

- sickle cell - thalasemia

what is erythroblastosis fetallus

excessive erythroblasts in blood - shouldn't have any

name 4 types of maturation failure anemia's

- aplastic - iron-deficient - folic acid deficient - pernicious

what's aplastic anemia

don't make any cells

what kind of cells do you get from iron deficient anemia and which count can be increased

hypochromic increased RBC count

why can you have an increase in RBC with iron-deficient anemia

hypochromic cells dont have enough HGB to carry O2 to kidneys --> secrete more EPO from the kidneys= more RBC produced

what is B vitamin needed for

DNA replication

what causes pernicious anemia

failure to absorb B12 NOT from deficiency of it - common with gastric bypass or alcoholics

why is pernicious anemia common in alcoholics and those with gastric bypass

epithelia cells in stomach produce intrinsic factor which allows for B12 absorption -- lack of cells or destroyed these cells

three phases of hemostasis

1. cells injured= contractions 2. platelet plug 3. coagulation = extrinsic and intrinsic

three contractile proteins in platelets

actin, myosin, thrombosthenin

what do platelets contain

- contractile proteins - fibrin stabilizing factor - thromboxane -- eicosenoid - ADP - platelet factor 3 - growth factors

what do growth factors in platelets contain

cytokines that stimulate growth of fibroblasts , endothelial cells, and SM cells

what initiates the extrinsic pathway

vessel injury

what initiates the intrinsic pathway

injury to blood - this blood exposed to collagen

CF's in extrinsic pathway

7, 10, 5

CF's used in intrinsic pathway

12, 11, 9, 8, 10, 5

where does most synthesis for clotting factors happen

liver

what is thrombomodulin

protein on surface of endothelial cells - binds and removes thrombin - inactivates CF 5, 7

what is antithrombin 3

proteolytic enzyme binds to thrombin and inactivates it - removes factors 12, 11, 9, 10

what is heparin

polysaccharide from mast cells and basophils - no anticoagulant function by self - combines antithrombin 3

what is plasminogen

inactive plasma protein - activated to plasmin by tPA (tissue plasma activator)

what is plasmin / whats it do

proteolytic enzyme - digests fibrin threads & prothrombin - digests CF 5, 8, 12 - slowly dissolves clots (1-2 days)

what is Ca++ needed for

- polymerization of fibrin - activation of thrombin - PTA formation - activation of CF 10, 9

Exam 4 Flashcards

(48 cards)