Exam 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Theory
A
General principle that is used to understand certain events or experiences
2
Q
Framework
A
A systematic structure for classifying families
3
Q
Ecological Theory
A
Concerned with the many social and cultural contexts that affect family living. (Brofenbrenner)
4
Q
Family Development theory
A
Divides the experiences of the family into phases or stages of change that are associated with growth and development
5
Q
Conflict Theory
A
Conflict is normal and expected in family, and this conflict shapes the individual and the society
6
Q
Symbolic interaction theory
A
How people form and share meanings in their communication efforts
7
Q
Social Exchange theory
A
Focuses on the costs and rewards associated with human beings
8
Q
Instrumental roles
A
(Structural- Functionalist Theory) Roles for the male such as making money, working, etc, so the family can remain stable
9
Q
Expressive Roles
A
(Structural- Functionalist Theory) the roles for the female, they were to be caring, people-orientated, and emotional so that family can remain stable
10
Q
What does the Structural- Functionalist Theory want?
A
This theory wants all of the separate parts (families) of the whole (society) to be in EQUILIBRIUM
11
Q
Structures
A
Patterns of role arrangement in a society
12
Q
Karl Marx
A
Germain Economist who believed that every aspect of human life is based on economics and economic relationships
13
Q
Why did marriage evolve as a legal contract?
A
so that the property owned by a man could one kept
14
Q
Feminist theory
A
Embraces the CONFLICT APPROACH, and focuses on the role that women play in society
15
Q
Marxist Feminist theory
A
Says that inequality towards women sprouts from lower class position
16
Q
Radical Feminist theory
A
Women experience oppression because of the patriarchy
17
Q
Liberal Feminist theory
A
Women oppression is from sexism in society
18
Q
Lesbian Feminist theory
A
Women oppression (especially Lesbian) is from heterosexual dominance in society
19
Q
Women of Color Feminist theory
A
Women of Color are oppressed because society is racist
20
Q
Men’s Studies
A
Study of male/female relationships/conflicts from the male perspective
21
Q
When did men begin to play more active roles in raising kids?
A
roughly in the 1980s
22
Q
Psychosocial
A
The Social and emotional aspects of development
23
Q
Infancy (0-2)
A
Infants show unique personality traits. they begin to walk, talk, and trust
24
Q
Early Childhood (2-6)
A
Children are curious and begin to figure out their gender, and what their roles are emotionally and physically
25
Middle Childhood (the school years 7-12)
Moral Development, sense of self esteem. They begin to compare themselves with others and see differences
26
Adolescence (13-21)
Rapid Body changes, self-esteem solidifies. They begin to form their own identity
27
Early Adulthood (22-34)
Forming intimate Relationships, childbearing typically begins
28
Middle adulthood (35-60)
Adults begin to find an awareness of their own morality and are reflective about their lives
29
Late Middle adulthood (61-74)
Begin to feel a responsibility for future generations. They begin to serve others
30
Late Adulthood (75+)
"Life Review" Adults begin to reflect on their lives and prepare things for when they are gone
31
Family Life Cycle
The cycle consisting of multiple entrances and exits from the family of origin
32
Pairing and Marriage
Fusion as a couple
33
Childbearing
Creation of children
34
School-Age Children
Nurturing
35
Family with adolescent Children
Boundary Testing
36
Family as a launching Ground
Leaving/ Letting go
37
Middle Years
Reviewing/ Reappraising
38
Aging
Facing Morality
39
Stages
the level of the game - The place and time you are in
39
Development
Change across time
40
Developmental Task
Boss Level - The main task that needs to be completed to move onto the next stage
41
Transition
Moving from one stage to another after each DEVELOPMENTAL TASK
42
Normative Event
A normal event in one's life at a stage
ex. Getting married
43
Non-Normative Event
A non- normal event in one's life at a stage
ex. Having a kid when one is 80 years old
44
On time event
An event that happens at a normal time in a culture
45
Off Time event
An event that happens at an abnormal time in a culture
ex. Grandma going to college
46
Epigenesis Principle
The decisions that you make at one point in time keep you from making other choices in life.
ex. If you first semester of college was at OBU, you can never have another first semester of college
47
Structural Functionalism
theory that sees society as an interconnected system with each part having a different function while still working together
48
Manifest Function
Obvious functions in society
49
Latent Functions
Things people don't know about within functions
50
Conflict
Disagreements
51
What does conflict do?
Brings about change in a family
52
Cooperation
Seems like both people are giving in
53
Negotiation
Process of trying to get what one wants
54
Coalition
When people make teams for something
55
Consensus
When all parties agree
56
Family Systems Theory
Seeing Families as units. Focuses on interactions between family members
57
Whole _ Sum of parts
Whole > Sum of parts
58
Transactional
Where our exchanges with others affect our intimate relations
59
General Systems Theory
A worldview or a paradigm that puts forth the notion that objects do not exist in isolation, but are interconnected as a whole
60
System
To connect one thing to another
61
Family System
An ever-changing group of family members that organizes themselves into an ordered manner
62
Subsystems
The patterns and interactions among the separate individuals in a family
63
Boundary
What separates our environment or from other family members
64
Closed Boundaries
Boundaries where no information goes through
65
Open Boundaries
Boundaries where information is always spread. This type hurts family members
66
Homeostasis
Balance
67
Circumplex Model of Marital and Family Systems
A model that is used to assess a families health and functioning
68
Communication rules
Govern what Family members can and cannot share
69
Symbolic Interaction theory
Assumes that human behavior ought to always be observed and responded to
70
Symbols
Codes that are used to signify things in different cultures
71
Meanings
the definition we assign to verbal and nonverbal interactions
72
Role
Key concept in Symbolic Interaction Theory- a system of meanings
73
Message
The obvious meaning of the thing being communicated
74
Metamessage
The underlying context in which the communication takes place
ex. Men are problem solvers so in conversation, they are wanting to solve a problem
75
Trouble Talk
Emotional or relationship talk
76
Communication
The process of making and sharing meanings
77
Verbal Communication
Exchanges of thoughts messages or information through speech
78
Non-Verbal Communication
Communications via facial expressions and body language
79
Emotional Communication
The physical movements and gestures that convey our emotions
80
Relational Messages
Messages that have something to do with the relationship.
81
Non-relational Messages
Messages that concern things outside of the relationship
82
Decode
To interpret unspoken exchanges
83
Functional Communication
Communication that only discusses daily life
84
Nurturing Communication
Interactions that convey intimacy and emotion
85
Relational Culture
A framework of understanding that couples make in private
86
Confirming Messages / Responses
Validation that one wants to be in the relationship through recognition and willingness to work with the other person
87
Self Disclosure
Voluntarily sharing private or personal things with someone else
88
emotional Safety
The high degree of trust required to self disclose
89
Family meetings
Gatherings among family members to discuss something
90
Active listening
Listening so that we can listen and internalize what is being said
91
Reflective Listening
A type of active listening where one reflects on and acknowledges one's perspectives
92
Reframe
To view an issue from another perspective
93
Constructive conflict
Conflict that works to improve a relationship
94
Regulated Couples
Use communication patters that promote closeness and intimacy
95
Destructive Conflict
Any kind of conflict that hurts a relationship
96
scapegoating
Where members of the family all put their problems onto one person
97
Gunnysacking
when someone builds up anger and lets it all out when an argument arises
98
non-regulated Couples
Couples that have a hard time bouncing back from conflict
99
Stonewalling
When communication between marital partners completely shuts down
100
Forgiveness
An intentional process that transforms a strong desire for revenge to positive response
101
Direct forgiveness
Family members or partners clearly tell someone that they forgive them
102
Indirect forgiveness
Family members or partners show forgiveness not by words but by actions
103
Conditional Forgiving
Forgiving someone, but making sure that boundaries are now in play
104
Narcissistic Entitlement
The sense of only being entitled to the good
105
Self Righteousness
When a person cannot see that they have a problem or have made a mistake
106
Sex
Biological traits that distinguish male from female
107
Gender
The sum of our developmental experiences and how it applies to our identity, role, presentation, etc.
108
XX Chromosome
Female Genetic Blueprint
109
XY Chromosome
Male Genetic Blueprint
110
Sexual Differentiation
A series of events where an embryo gains male or female characteristics
111
Sex Hormones
Hormones that affect the embryo in the womb and the child in puberty
112
Sexual Orientation
The focus of another persons desires/ fantasies towards another gender. (What gender someone chooses to like)
113
Gender Identity
The gender that a person thinks they are
114
Androgen
The group of masculinizing sex hormones
115
Testosterone
the male hormone produced by the testis
116
Estrogen
the feminizing hormone
117
Gender Binary
The classification of gender into two separate, disconnected forms. (whether because of social or cultural)
118
Intersex
Someone whose genitalia are are indistinguishable
119
Disorders of Sex Development (DSD)
A mismatch between a person's genetic sex and the appearance of their genitals
120
Cisgender
A person whose birth sex and gender are in alignment
121
Nonbinary
A person who doesn't fall into the male or female category
122
Gender Non-Conforming (Gender Fluid)
People who don't conform to what society says about gender norms
123
Sexual Preference
The term used by people who believe that sexuality is fluid about biology vs choice
124
Gender Expression
External manifestations of gender
125
Transgender
People who have a gender Expression or identity that does not match their birth sex
126
Transexual
Someone who wants to or has changed their body medically to be that of another sex
127
Gender Dysphoria
The distress a person feels because their assigned sex doesn't match their gender identity
128
Sex Confirmation Surgery (SCS)
the surgical alteration of ones body from one sex to another
129
Gender Polarization
A model where cultural viewpoints almost always emphasize the differences between man and woman
130
Gender Socialization
the specific things that culture says to do if you are a man or a woman
131
Gender roles
the cultural Norms for male and female behaviors and attitudes
132
Masculinity
a socially / culturally constructed beliefs and roles that are mainly attributed to men
133
Hegemonic Masculinity
Each culture's ideal standard of masculinity for which men are to aim
134
Machismo
common in Latin America, the idea that men are superior to women socially, and physically
135
Masculine Gender Roles Stress Theory
The theory that men get stressed because they are not meeting societies standards of masculinity
136
Femininity
The qualities and behaviors from a society that a woman should have
137
Marianismo
The belief in Latin Culture that women are semi-divine and superior to men
138
Gender Inequality
the obvious disparities between genders in society
139
Sexism
Prejudice of someone because of their sex
140
Glass Ceiling
Discrimination against women in the workplace. This term shows that there is a blockade for women to continue upward in the workplace
141
Wage Gap
The inequality between the wages of men and women in America
142
Confidence gap
The phenomenon where women are less confident in their academic ability then men are
143
Intersectionality
the interconnected nature of social categorizations
144
Gender Schemas
The ways in which we internalize and incorporate specific gendered behaviors and expectations
145
Instrumental Schemas
Patterns associated with masculinity that focus on task oriented behaviors and getting the job done
146
Expressive Schemas
Patterns of behavior associated with femininity that have an interpersonal or relational orientation
147
Androgyny
Without assigned gender value, when a person possesses traits/ behaviors typically associated with the opposite gender
148
Gender Role Development
the process where children acquire behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions that fit their sex
149
Learning Theory
The Theory that traits and behaviors are not inborn but learned
150
Social Learning theory
Albert Bandura ; theory that children acquire traits and behaviors by observing others
151
Cognitive Development Theory
The theory that kids cannot be affected by societies views of gender until they have their own idea of gender
152
Gender Stability
the realization that kids have where the realize that they were always, and will always be the same gender
153
Gender Constancy
The realization (around k-2 grade) where kids realize that if someone acts as the opposite gender, that does not make them the opposite gender
154
Homosocial Play
Children's preference for same-sex playmates
155
Equal Rights Amendment
Proposed amendment to the constitution to prohibit sex discrimination
156
Violence Against Women Act of 1994 (VAWA)
Federal Law signed by Bill Clinton that provided more than $1.6 Billion for financial restitution to women who were victims of violent crimes
157
Sexual Harassment
Any unwelcome physical or sexual conduct by either gender directed to a person of either gender
158
