Exam 5 Flashcards
(126 cards)
1
Q
Survival Needs
A
Food, shelter, safety, and security
2
Q
Socialization needs
A
ensuring that children become productive, active members in society
3
Q
Mothering
A
Performing the relational and logistical work of caring for others
4
Q
Intensive mothering
A
Term used to reflect the mothering roles and expectations that have ben since the 1980’s when women flooded the workplace
5
Q
Intensive mothering ideology
A
the western cultural belief that a mother should give herself unconditionally and focus all she has on her child
6
Q
Maternal role attainment
A
The process both before and after birth where a mother tries to become the ideal version of herself as a mother
7
Q
Lesbian Co-Mothering
A
In a Lesbian Couple, the non birthing mother takes equal roles in the development of the child
8
Q
Patriarchal Family Structure
A
A family that includes the father figure being the head while everyone else is under the authority of the father
9
Q
Father involvement
A
the time a father and his children spend together
10
Q
Why are Fathers essential?
A
- they increase gender equality in the family
- Associated with positive child development
11
Q
Co- Parenting
A
sharing in everyday parenting responsibilities. The support that the parents provide each other in parenting
12
Q
Supportive co-parenting
A
Parents directly agree or indirectly agree, and promote the same idea to the child
13
Q
Unsupportive co-parenting
A
when one parent undermines the efforts of the other parent
14
Q
Mixed co-parenting
A
A type of co-parenting where one or both of the responses of the parents is mixed
15
Q
Uninvolved Parenting
A
Low in responsiveness, warmth, and affection. Both parents neglect their children
16
Q
Permissive Parents
A
demonstrate high levels of warmth and love. They do not care as much about the behavior of children, but rather leave behavior up to the child
17
Q
autonomy granting
A
permissive parents allowing their children age appropriate self governance and independence
18
Q
Authoritarian Parents
A
Parents who exert authority and control over their children but without being warm or caring. Communication is very low.
19
Q
Authoritative Parenting
A
Parents who are responsive while expecting children to have a certain behavior. they set clear and good boundaries and have a lot of communication
20
Q
Psychoanalytic theory
A
personality development in children developed by freud
21
Q
Psychosexual stages
A
development takes place through a series of psychosexual stages where energy is focused on one particular part of the body
22
Q
Oral Stage
A
State from birth to about 1 where the senses are the emphasis of the child
23
Q
anal Stage
A
Stage where most of the sensual engird is associated with potty training
24
Q
Phallic stage
A
The sate where children begin to become interested in people from he opposite sex
25
Latency stage
The psychosexual stage where sensual energies are subdued for a time
26
Genital stage
Puberty: Where people grow and develop mature sexual desires
27
Cognitive theories
Focus on how children think and how they understand their world
28
Sociocultural theories
Theories that say that development does not occur by stages, but through direct interaction with culture
29
Ideal-Actual Gap
the differences between the parenting tasks are reported and the parents actual performance
30
Maternal Gatekeeping
When a woman's socialization and the inherent cultural notion that she will always be the better parent. This makes it difficult for her to relinquish her maternal roles
31
Routine Homework
house cleaning, meal prep, grocery shopping, cleaning up after meals and laundry
32
Family deficit model
Promoted the idea that single parent households were negative experiences for childcare for the sole reason that the family structure was non nuclear
33
Risk and Protective factor model
Assumes that every family form has protective factors which positively effect children, and the risk factored are negatively affecting the children
34
Kinship Care
A situation where grandparents provide a living environment for their grandchildren
35
Racial and ethnic socialization
the way which families teach children about the social meanings of their race
36
Proactive discipline
Using techniques that encourage appropriate behavior and that discourage inappropriate behavior
37
Socioeconomic status
The governments measure of a family's economic ranking within a community
38
Women's liberation
A feminist movement that put forth the ideas that women suffered oppression in patriarchal male dominated cultures
39
Gender equality
Equality between man and a woman I the job place
40
Occupational sexism
The belief that the male gender of more capable of doing work related tasks
41
Wage discrimination
the discrimination shown in the payment of wages, salaries, and earnings of minority groups
42
Pink collar phenomenon
The tendency fro women to be concentrated in certain occupational categories
43
Dual Earner couples
A couple where both member works
44
Blue collar workers
Individuals holding jobs in the service departments
45
White Collar professional occupations
Professional occupations such as attorney's bankers and doctors
46
Basic Budgets
The amount of money that a family needs to manage at the most basic level
47
Job Status
Refers to a type of job that offers some kind of prestige
48
Job Complexity
Occurs when jobs are complex and stimulating
49
Job Autonomy
Occurs when employees are allowed a high degree of independence and self dictation
50
Family Well being
The psychological health of the family
51
Shift work
Working nonstandard hours
52
Household Work
Staying at home to nurture children instead of being in the workforce
53
Opportunity cost method
Attempts to value household work by asking "What would a person be paid for one hour of household work?"
54
Market alternative Cost method
Estimates that value of household labor by looking at what it would cost in the current market to pay someone to do the household labor
55
Stay at home dads
Dads who have decided to stay at home to nurture their children rather than be in the workforce
56
Interrole conflict
Conflict that occurs when we take on too Many roles at the same time
57
Time based conflict
Takes place when demands from the world domain and the family domain vie for a parent's time and attention
58
Strain based conflict
Occurs when the demands in one domain make it difficult to perform effectively in another domain
59
Family and medical leave act
federal and state employees are able to take tup to 12 weeks of unpaid leave for an emergency situation
60
Behavior based conflict
occurs when incompatibilities exist between the demands of the world role and the demands of the family role
61
Work family spillover/crossover
Occurs when a spouse carries the emotional tensions from one domain to another
62
Balance
In terms of work and family, the state we achieve through regularly meeting needs for ourselves and for others
63
Family Cohesion's
the extent to which family members feel emotionally close and bonded to one another
64
Second shift
The burden of the dual responsibilities of wage earner and house keeper
65
Residual tasks
Household tasks such as bill paying, playing with children, and yard work
66
Shared care
a childcare arrangement where a child has a nanny, or goes to daycare
67
Poverty rate
The percentage of people with incomes below the published poverty line
68
Poverty line
The estimated minimum income necessary for a family to meet basic needs such as food, shelter, clothing, and other essentials
69
Working poor
People who are working but who continue to remain below the poverty line
70
universal healthcare
Guaranteed access to qualify medical treatment for all citizens
71
72
Social welfare
A group of government programs designed to ensure the well being of the nations disadvantage groups
73
Divorce
Socially sanctioned actions to legally terminate a marriage
74
Raw Numbers
The actual numbers, not percentages or statistics
75
When regarding divorce, why are Raw numbers sometimes not helpful
Because if 2 million people are married in a year and 800,000 people are divorced, the people that divorced do not have to be the same people that were married in that same year
76
Crude Divorce Rate
The number of divorces per 1000 population per year
77
Correlates of divorce
Social and economic characteristics that affect the longevity of a marriage and the probability that it will end in divorce
78
Maturity effect
The higher likelihood of teenagers to have unrealistic expectations about marriage
79
destabilizing effect
a factor that disrupts the stability of a marital relationship; individual to each couple
80
Intergenerational transmission of divorce
Research suggests that those who experience divorce are more likely to get divorced
81
Socialization hypothesis
The hypothesis that children of divorce have less experience with successful marital roles
82
Religiosity
An individuals preference for religious expression
83
Covenant
a religious or spiritual agreement
84
Decentralization of marriage
the societal shift from marriage as a binding religious union to a union of individual choice
85
Structural Factors
A family's finances and economic status
86
Cultural Factors
In terms of divorce, this refers to whether the couple embraces an individualistic or collectivist social identity
87
Paradox of Mexican American Nuptiality
Where divorce rates among hispanics are lower than among blacks
88
de-escalation of intimacy
a decline in intimacy
89
Dyadic breakdown phase
The period during which a couple's established pattern or relationship breaks down
90
Intrapsychic phase
where a couple begins to focus on aspects of the relationship that they are dissatisfied about
91
Dyadic Phase
when couples discuss their dissatisfaction and seek either a way out, or a way to fix it
92
Social Phase
The public disclosure of a couple's decision to terminate the marriage
93
Family metacognition
Where spouses begin to openly share with the other the problems in their marriage and the chance that it could come to an end
94
Account making
the process in which couples share with family and friends their individual accounts of what led to the deterioration of the marriage
95
Grave Dressing phase
A couple comes to terms with their divorce and they begin to come to a rational conclusion about why the marriage died
96
Separation period
A period marked by disruptions in the norms of the marriage
97
Normlessness
disruption in the norms of family relationships
98
Family Law
Policies and regulations to protect the rights and well being of all family members and ensure that married or divorced couples fulfill their obligations to each other and to their children
99
Alimony
money typically paid monthly by one spouse to the other during and after the divorce proceedings
100
spousal support
a monetary payment that one spouse pays to the other during the process of divorce
101
child support q
monthly costs paid to a spouse to help raise a child under the age of 18
102
Custody
refers to who is responsible for the children's financial physical and emotional well being
103
legal custody
refers to which parent has the right to make decisions about how the child is reared
104
Shared legal custody
an arrangement in which both parents have an equal say in a child's upbringing
105
joint custody
An arrangement where parents share in the decision making regarding their children
106
Physical custody
The legal right to have a child live primarily with one parent who becomes the custodial parent
107
Sole custody
An agreement where one parent is the primary legal guardian of the child
108
Divorce mediation
the process involving an objective third party who helps ex spouses resolve child support and settlements
109
Divorce mediator
An objective third party to the divorce who aids the divorcing couple in terms and settlements
110
Binuclear Family
the separate distinct households that form after marital separation or divorce
111
Primary Divorce stressors
Provisions such as custody arrangements visitation and child support
112
Secondary Divorce stressors
The fallout associated with divorce
113
Gatekeepers
Divorced mothers who deny visitation and Make it difficult for the fathers to see the children
114
Initiator
The spouse who commences divorce proceedings
115
Receiver
the spouse who is on the receiving end of the partners intent to dissolve the marriage
116
Externalize
to direct outward and generate discomfort and conflict in the surrounding environment
117
Acting out
A post divorce behavior where children become more aggressive, na agitated following a divorce
118
Internalizaing
to direct inward and generate distress in the individual
119
temporal Influences
the passage of time that may mitigate the effects of divorce
120
Diminished parenting
The new relationship between parents and children in the first few years following a divorce
121
Feminization of poverty
The phenomenon where women experience poverty rates that are disproportionately high in comparison to men
122
123
Middle remarriage
The middle stage of a remarriage where the family becomes a more cohesive system
124
Late remarriage
Where a families boundaries are restructured to the point where there is a greater deal of authenticity in interactions and shared intimacy within the family
125
Relationship stability
The perceptions and behaviors associated with the dissolution of a marriage or committed relationship
126
Blended families
Alternatives for stepfamilies
