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entom 203 > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the nutrition transition

A

shift from unprocessed to processed foods, now spreading to developing countries, linked with diet related non communicable diseases

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2
Q

nutritional state of world

A

progress in reducing malnutrition, setbacks during covid

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3
Q

what is low birthweight a powerful predictor of

A

nutrition

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4
Q

classes of chemical compounds in the largest quantities and which provide bulk of daily energy

A

macronutrients

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5
Q

made up of two types of amino acids (essential AAs)

A

protein

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6
Q

major functional and structural component, enzymes and transporters are examples, supply energy

A

proteins

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7
Q

sources of protein

A

ASFs main source

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8
Q

complex mixture of nutrients and non nutrients, associated with higher risk of heart disease, diabetes, cancer, simple and polysaccharides

A

carbs

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9
Q

energy storage in liver and muscle, rapidly mobilized

A

glycogen

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10
Q

storage form of glucose in plants, acts as fiber

A

starch

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11
Q

major component of dietary fiber, humans can’t digest

A

cellulose

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12
Q

contain entire grain kernel

A

whole grains

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13
Q

enriched with B vitamins and iron

A

refined grains

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14
Q

general rule about grains

A

make half your grains whole

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15
Q

recommended to be 20-30 percent of daily diet, groups of chemical compounds that contain fatty acids

A

fats

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16
Q

linked with diseases, replaced with saturated fats

A

trans fats

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17
Q

regulatory role, carrier of vitamins, olives are healthy example

A

fats

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18
Q

body synthesizes it, precursor to sex hormones and vitamin D

A

choloesterol

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19
Q

what type of fats are best

A

monounsaturated

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20
Q

rich in vitamins, lowers risk of heart disease

A

fish oil

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21
Q

why is fat important

A

major source of energy, important for kids, important for growth and development

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22
Q

sources of saturated fat

A

cheese, beef, milk, oil, ice cream

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23
Q

calcium is an example, needed for bone health

A

macromineral

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24
Q

190 million children deficient of this, aids in vision, skin, immune system, and reproduction

A

vitamin A

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25
what is vitamin A fortified into
sugar, maize flour, rice, wheat
26
carrots fortified, targets poor and rural, cost effective
vitamin A biofortification
27
mineral that is an essential micronutrient found in soil and seawater, essential for endocrine system, deficiency can lead to hypothyroidism
iodine
28
what alleviated iodine deficiency
iodized salt
29
what can cause anemia
vitamin A deficieny and iron deficiency
30
needed to breath, found in hemoglobin and myoglobin, only absorb a little from food
iron
31
good source of bioavaialble iron
ASFs
32
what is vitamin A important for
vision, reproduction, growth
33
lack of iron can lead to
anemia, weakness, short attention span
34
lack of zinc caused gerbil fur
to turn white
35
all people have safe and nutritious food at all times
food security
36
food that is free of pathogens, unsafe additives, and contaminants
food safety
37
consumer attributes (origin, freshness, nutrition)
food quality
38
toxic compounds naturally produced by fungi
mycotoxins
39
common mycotoxins
aflatoxin, fumonisin, ochratozin, patulin
40
drivers of contamination
field contamination, post harvest practices, household, body
41
increasing temps lead to
climate stress, insect attack, plant disease, aflatoxins
42
what are mycotoxins associated with
stunting
43
disease transmitted through contaminated food
foodborne disease
44
three ways food becomes unsafe
biological (blood, meat knife), physical (glass), chemical (copper, counter cleaner)
45
CDC recommendations for food safety
clean, separate, cook, chill
46
microbio food illness
bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi
47
control pathogen growth through FATTOM
food, acidity, time, temp (between 41-135 degrees safe), oxygen, moisture
48
cook step
pathogen kill step
49
transfer of microorgs from one food to another
cross contaminationt
50
transfer of allergen directly or indirectly
cross contact
51
calendar date telling timeframe for best quality
open dating
52
product code that identifies date and time of production
closed dating
53
what can be an issue
contaminated water
54
what contaminated water
lead, pollution, microplastics
55
follows food from farm to plate
food traceability
56
key data elements
who what when where why
57
challenges to food traceability
cost, low tech, security goegraphy, enviroment, infrastrcuture
58
investigation of outbreak
what is problem, what is the cause, what can we do
59
water soluble B vitamin, naturally in foods
folate
60
synthetic version of folate, used to fortify food
folic acid
61
why is supplemental folic acid more bioavailable
easily digested
62
normal red blood cell, prevent anemia, maintain CNS, promote growth and development
why we need folate
63
folate deficiency effects
birth defects, anemia, weakness, etc.
64
how do genetics contribute to folate deficiency
interfere with normal metabolism
65
examples of birth defects
anencephaly, spina bifida
66
why do u need folic acid before and during pregnancy
prevent defects
67
natural sources of folate
leafy green veggies, fruits, legumes, whole grains
68
folic acid fortification
fortified cereals and breads, success
69
what do babies rescued with folic acid have
higher risk of heart disease due to polymorphisms
70
what may folic acid do
raise risk of cancer, and decrease cognitive function in elderly
71
found in ASDs, needed for DNA methylation and synthesis
vitamin B12
72
sources of B12
liver, clams, nutritional yeast
73
why is data important in global health
making policy, funding, find problems, tell if policies are working, motivate and shock us
74
study of patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease in defined populations
epidemiology
75
what do public health interventions need to be
cost effective
76
data must be
equitable and accurate
77
activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment
tourism
78
tourism that takes full account of current and future impacts
sustainable tourism
79
problems with tourism
environmental effects, animal ethics, orphanages, school visits
80
is voluntourism ethical?
not usually, lots of white savior complex
81

entom 203 (3 decks)

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