Exam 2 Flashcards
(15 cards)
The assembly of glucose molecules into polysaccharides is _____ process.
anabolic; involves the building up of complex molecules from smaller ones, which is exactly what happens when individual glucose molecules are joined together to form a polysaccharide chain
Energy of motion is _____ energy.
kinetic
The first law of thermodynamics states that:
energy cannot be created or destroyed.
Gibbs free energy is defined as:
the amount of energy to input work
Enzymes are typically:
highly specific
Organisms that derive their energy from the sun and carbon from carbon dioxide are:
photoautotrophs
ATP is a type of _____ and is composed of adenine, _____, and three phosphate groups.
nucleotide; ribose
You have entered a 5-K race. As you finish the last 500 meters, your body has converted _____ energy to _____ energy and has lost some of this energy as _____.
chemical potential; kinetic; heat
Carbon dioxide dissolves in water to form:
carbonic acid
Which type of inhibitor permanently alters the enzyme it inhibits?
an irreversible inhibitor
Imagine that you discover a carnivorous deep-sea fish that cannot utilize the carbon in carbonic acid, or any other inorganic molecule present in seawater, to form glucose or other organic molecules. Living so far beneath the water’s surface, this fish is also incapable of harnessing energy from the sun. This fish would be considered a:
chemoheterotroph
Carbon-carbon covalent bonds, such as the ones in carbohydrates and lipids, are _____ and have _____.
weak; a lot of potential energy
The lid of a container containing a gas is removed. As a consequence, the molecules of the gas can leave the container and have more space available to them to spread out. For the gas released from the container, which of the answer choices increases?
entropy
Chemical reactions that have a positive ΔG are:
non-spontaneous
