exam 3 quiz questions Flashcards
(27 cards)
During DNA replication, the DNA polymerase inserted the wrong nucleotide, placing a G opposite a T. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
A.) Mismatch repair can be used to correct the mistake
B.) This mistake created a mutation.
C.) This mistake cannot be repaired.
D.) Base excision repair can be used to correct the mistake
A.) Mismatch repair can be used to correct the mistake
Which of the following statements regarding alleles is CORRECT?
A.) Alleles are different versions of the same gene having different nucleotide sequences.
B.) Alleles are the phenotype induced by the environment.
C.) If an individual has two identical alleles, then they are a heterozygote.
D.) There are only two possible alleles for every gene in a population.
A.) Alleles are different versions of the same gene having different nucleotide sequences.
Based on the image shown above of the Philadelphia Chromosome, what type of DNA damage is MOST LIKELY to have occurred?
A.) Translocation
B.) Duplication following by inversion
C.) Insertion mutation that is synonymous
D.) Point mutation
A.) Translocation
Mutations occurring in which of the following cell types in a person is inheritable by their offspring?
A.) intestine
B.) sperm
C.) skin cell
D.) macrophage
B.) sperm
Why do humans accumulate the highest number of mutations per generation relative to other organisms?
A.) Humans have more hotspots for mutations compared to other species.
B.) Humans have smaller genomes relative to other species.
C.) Humans undergo more cell divisions per lifetime compared to other species.
D.) Humans have higher mutation rates relative to other species.
C.) Humans undergo more cell divisions per lifetime compared to other species.
Humans accumulate the largest numbers of mutations per generation relative to other organisms. Why are we still okay?
A.) Most of the mutations are beneficial, not harmful.
B.) Most of our genome does not code for proteins.
C.) Mutations changing human proteins do not affect protein function.
D.) Our DNA repair mechanisms help us tolerate the large number of mutations.
B.) Most of our genome does not code for proteins.
A person has one wild-type A allele for the beta globin HBB gene and one mutated S allele for the beta globin HBB gene. This person does not have the symptoms of sickle cell disease. Which of the following statements regarding this person is CORRECT.
A.) This person has a mutated phenotype.
B.) The person is a homozygote for the HBB gene.
C.) The person has only one allele for the HBB gene.
D.) The person is a heterozygote for the HBB gene.
D.) The person is a heterozygote for the HBB gene.
Damage to the DNA base cytosine causes deamination of the cytosine resulting in an uracil. Which of the following statements regarding this error is CORRECT?
A.) The uracil is not an issue, since it can correctly base pair with adenine.
B.) This damage caused by sunlight is not important because it occurs infrequently.
C.) The cell uses mismatch repair to fix this replication error.
D.) The cell uses base excision repair to remove the uracil and replace it with cytosine.
D.) The cell uses base excision repair to remove the uracil and replace it with cytosine.
Given the changes shown above, what type of mutation has MOST LIKELY occurred?
A.) Chromosome break and translocation mutation
B.) Deletion mutation
C.) Inversion
D.) Nonsense mutation
D.) Nonsense mutation
Given the changes shown above, what type of mutation has MOST LIKELY occurred?
A.) Deletion mutation causing a frameshift mutation
B.) Chromosome break and translocation mutation
C.) Point mutation that is synonymous
D.) Insertion mutation that is nonsynonymous
C.) Point mutation that is synonymous
Which statement comparing Mitosis and Meiosis is CORRECT?
A.) Mitosis produces four diploid cells whereas Meiosis produces two haploid cells.
B.) Mitosis produces two haploid cells whereas Meiosis produces four diploid cells.
C.) Mitosis produces two diploid cells whereas Meiosis produces four diploid cells.
D.) Mitosis produces two diploid cells whereas Meiosis produces four haploid cells.
D.) Mitosis produces two diploid cells whereas Meiosis produces four haploid cells.
Which of the following events occurs by the end of Meiosis I?
A.) The number of chromosomes is quadrupled.
B.) The number of chromosomes does not change.
C.) The number of chromosomes is reduced by half.
D.) The number of chromosomes is doubled.
C.) The number of chromosomes is reduced by half.
If an individual is a heterozygote, it means which of the following?
A.) The individual has symptoms of a genetic disease.
B.) The individual is a carrier of a genetic disorder.
C.) The individual has two identical versions of an allele.
D.) he individual has two different versions of an allele.
D.) he individual has two different versions of an allele.
How many rounds of DNA synthesis occur during Meiosis?
A.) two rounds
B.) four rounds
C.) Three rounds
D.) one round
D.) one round
When does pairing of homologous chromosomes to form a bivalent occur?
A.) During Prophase I of Meiosis
B.) During Prophase I of Mitosis
C.) During Anaphase I of Mitosis
D.) During Anaphase I of Meiosis
A.) During Prophase I of Meiosis
Which of the following is a consequence of nondisjunction during meiosis?
A.) DNA synthesis may not have occurred.
B.) The nuclear envelope may fail to break down.
C.) Gametes may have an extra chromosome or may be missing a chromosome.
D.) Homologous chromosomes may fail to pair, so a bivalent is not formed.
C.) Gametes may have an extra chromosome or may be missing a chromosome.
Which of the following cells undergoes Meiosis?
A.) Germ cells
B.) Brain cells
C.) Kidney cells
D.) Liver cell
A.) Germ cells
Which of the following cell type has the MOST POTENCY?
A.) Differentiated skin cells
B.) Multipotent stem cells
C.) Zygote
D.) Pluripotent stem cells
C.) Zygote
Which of the following statements regarding the Pax6 gene is CORRECT?
A.) Pax6 encodes a protein that promotes transcription in the cytoplasm.
B.) Pax6 expression is limited to only simpler organisms like Planarians and Jellyfish.
C.) Pax6 is an evolutionarily conserved gene that controls eye development.
D.) If the Pax6 gene is deleted in mice, they form extra eyes.
C.) Pax6 is an evolutionarily conserved gene that controls eye development.
In a male, when do the X and Y chromosomes separate?
A.) Anaphase I of Mitosis
B.) Anaphase II of Meiosis
C.) Anaphase I of Meiosis
D.) Anaphase II of Mitosis
C.) Anaphase I of Meiosis
Which of the following is NOT considered to be a Complex Trait?
A.) Blood pressure
B.) Obesity
C.) Pea seed color
D.) Corn yield per acre
C.) Pea seed color
Which of the following statements regarding Complex Traits is CORRECT?
A.) Complex traits can be influenced by the environment and lifestyle, but not genes.
B.) Complex traits can be influenced by multiple genes, but not the environment.
C.) Complex traits can be influenced by multiple genes, but not lifestyle.
D.) Complex traits can be influenced by multiple genes, the environment, and lifestyle.
D.) Complex traits can be influenced by multiple genes, the environment, and lifestyle.
The concordance rate between identical twins for asthma is 47%, whereas it is 24% for fraternal twins. What does this finding imply?
A.) That this trait is strongly affected by a genetic component.
B.) That this trait is not affected by a genetic component.
C.) That this trait is not affected by environmental components.
D.) That this trait is neither affected by environmental nor genetic components.
A.) That this trait is strongly affected by a genetic component.
Pluripotent stem cells are used in regenerative medicine to cure diabetes and blindness. Where do pluripotent stem cells come from?
A.) The inner cell mass of the pre-implantation blastocyst.
B.) The pre-implantation zygote.
C.) The cells of the post-implantation embryo.
D.) The trophoblast stem cells of the pre-implantation blastocyst.
A.) The inner cell mass of the pre-implantation blastocyst.
