EXAM 2 Flashcards
(41 cards)
Physical Development
Refers to the changes in the body and it’s systems. These changes can be in size (growth), complexity and motor skills.
Intellectual
Development
Refers to the increase in complexity of processes in the brain, such as thought, knowledge and memory.
Emotional
Development
Emotional development relates to experiencing the full range of emotions, and increasing complexity relating to the expression of emotions, the development of a self-concept and resilience.
Social Development
Social development the increasing complexity of behaviour patterns used in relationships with other people.
Health and Wellbeing
relating to the state of a person’s physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual existence and is characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable and engaged
Physical Health and Wellbeing
examples
relates to the functioning of the body and its systems; it includes the physical capacity to perform daily activities or tasks
- Healthy body weight
- Complete physical tasks adequately
- Freedom from disease, illness or injury
Social Health and Wellbeing
examples
the ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others and the ability to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations
- Productive relationships
- Supportive family
- Ability to adapt to different social situations
Mental Health and Wellbeing
examples
relates to the state of a person’s mind or brain and relates to the ability to think and process information. Optimal mental health and wellbeing enables an individual to positively form opinions, make decisions and use logic.
- Low levels of stress and anxiety
- Positive self-esteem
- Process information to solve problems
Emotional Health and Wellbeing
examples
the ability to recognise, understand and effectively manage and express
emotions as well as the ability to display resilience
- Recognise and understand a range of emotions
- Experience appropriate emotions in different situations
- Have a high level of resilience
Spiritual Health and Wellbeing
examples
relates to ideas, beliefs, values and ethics that arise in the minds and conscience of human beings. It includes the concepts of hope, peace, a guiding sense of meaning or value, and
reflection on a person’s place in the world.
- A sense of belonging and connection to the world
- Peace and harmony
- Develop personal values and beliefs
Infancy
-When the stage begins
-When the stage ends
-2 Unique key features
– Birth - 2
- They develop motor skills at 2, and can walk
- Will be able to identify people close to them
Early childhood
-When the stage begins
-When the stage ends
-2 Unique key features
2 - 6
- Learn social skills
- Can eat with adults at the table
Late childhood
-When the stage begins
-When the stage ends
-2 Unique key features
6 - 12
- Attending primary school
- Slow and steady growth period
Youth
-When the stage begins
-When the stage ends
-2 Unique key features
12 - 18
- Increases independence, and develops life goals
- Sexual maturity
Early adulthood
-When the stage begins
-When the stage ends
-2 Unique key features
18 - 40
- Body is at physical peak from 25-30
- Steady decline in body systems
Middle adulthood
-When the stage begins
-When the stage ends
-2 Unique key features
40 - 65
- Women experience menopause
- Children leave the home
Late Adulthood
-When the stage begins
-When the stage ends
-2 Unique key features
65 - death
- Retirement
- Move in with family or an aged care
Describe the process of fertilization.
Occurs when a sperm penetrates an ovum and the genetic material fuse together, making a single cell called a zygote.
Briefly explain what is meant by ‘teratogen’ and provide two examples
Something that interferes with embryo formation.
Tobacco
Alcohol
Explain the impact smoking has on preterm development of a baby.
Tobacco smoke contains thousands of chemicals, and acts to reduce oxygen flow to the placenta and exposes the developing foetus to numerous toxins. Fathers who smoke can have their fertility affected.
The unborn baby is at risk of:
- Low birthweight
- Miscarriage
- Prematurity
- Ectopic pregnancy
Identify four characteristics of healthy and respectful relationships and unhealthy, disrespectful relationships
Healthy + Respectful relationships
- Respect » Show consideration for others feelings, needs, thoughts + right » treat each other in a thoughtful way
- Trust - in others that you think are reliable + dependable, feel safe around them
- Honesty - telling the truth + not keeping secrets. Not to lie, cheat, steal
- Empathy - capability to understand or feel what other people are experiencing by placing yourself in their position.
Unhealthy + disrespectful relationship
- Feeling uncomfortable around a person or group of people
- Being put down by others
- Not feeling appreciated, valued or cared for
- Relationship is unequal
- Low self-esteem + lack of confidence around others
- Being embarrassed, bullied or harassed
What are some of the challenges parents face
- Finance. As supplying food, water, shelter and toys for a child can be difficult.
- Working. As some parents will be out of the house all day long, cannot take care of child.
- Single parenthood. With only one income, supplying for a child becomes harder. Then whilst the parent is at work, there’s nobody at home to take care of them.
- Having a child with disability
- Decrease in social life
What are some of the responsibilities parents face
- To ensure that the rights that relate to a child’s needs and for an optimal environment for development are fulfilled.
- Be patient with your child.
- Enjoy parenting, and never belittle your kids.
- Spend quality time with your child, but give them their needed space and independence.
- Safety is one of the most important responsibilities to ensuring your child is healthy and out of danger.
- Give your child their needs, and don’t try to make them who you want them to be.
- Be consistent with your behaviour towards them.
Authoritarian parenting style
desc + impact on H+WB
This parenting style is very hostile towards their child, and is very strict with discipline and sets rules. The parents rely on punishment, using verbal abuse or smacking.
This can impact physical health, if parents rely on smacking or yelling at their child. This physically harms their child, leaving a negative impact on their physical health and wellbeing. This also messes with their mental health and normalises violence in their lives.