Exam 2 Flashcards
(18 cards)
Which major breakthrough in energy and power supplies catalyzed the Industrial Revolution?
James Watt’s development of the steam engine between the 1760s and the 1780s
Which key development in the eighteenth century allowed continental banks to shed their earlier conservative nature?
Establishment of limited liability investment
Why were cottage workers, accustomed to the putting-out system, reluctant to work in the new factories even when they received good wages?
In a factory, workers had to keep up with the machine and follow its relentless tempo.
Why do many historians now believe that France’s continued concentration on artisan production of luxury items made sense in an era of industrialization?
France had long dominated that sector of production; it allowed France to capitalize on its know-how and international reputation.
Who came up with the concept of class-consciousness?
Karl Marx
The Factory Act of 1833 constituted a major victory in preventing the exploitation of children in that it
banned children under nine years of age from employment.
What would happen if a worker was late to work or ruined materials?
Adults were fined, and children were beaten.
How did labor in British families change in the eighteenth century?
Family members shifted labor away from unpaid work for household consumption and toward work for wages.
What did middle-class reformers urge poor women in society to do?
Quit working and devote more care and attention to their families
Which of the following statements best describes the fate of artisan production versus industrialization in 1850?
Artisan work remained unchanged in many trades even with industrialization.
Why did eighteenth-century Britain have a shortage of wood?
Wood had been overharvested; it was the primary source of heat in all homes and a basic raw material in industry.
In nineteenth-century Germany, Fritz Harkort sought
to match English achievements in machine production as quickly as possible, even at great, unprofitable expense.
The Great Exhibition of 1851 in London commemorated the
industrial dominance of Britain.
The reformer Robert Owen sought to
create a single large national union for British workers.
In The Condition of the Working Class in England, Friedrich Engels stated that
the British middle classes were guilty of “mass murder” and “wholesale robbery.”
Who invented the spinning jenny?
James Hargreaves
Which law outlawed labor unions and strikes in Britain?
Combination Acts of 1799
