Exam 2

Question 1

Rural people integrated into a larger
society politically and economically

Answer 1

Peasants

Question 2

Seasonal mobility, often
involving migration to high-altitude
areas during the hottest and driest parts
of the year

Answer 2

Nomadism

Question 3

The giving of goods
without expectation of a return of equal value
at any definite future time

Answer 3

Generalized Reciprocity

Question 4

The exchange of
goods considered to have roughly equal
value; social purposes usually motivate the
exchange

Answer 4

Balanced Reciprocity

Question 5

Exchange motivated
by the desire to obtain goods, in which
the parties try to gain all the material goods
they can

Answer 5

Negative Reciprocity

Question 6

The collection of goods or
money from a group, followed by a reallocation to the group by a central authority

Answer 6

Redistribution

Question 7

The rendering of goods (typically
including food) to an authority such as a
chief

Answer 7

Tribute

Question 8

“Blood” relatives, or people
related by birth

Answer 8

Consanguines

Question 9

In-laws, or people related by marriage

Answer 9

Affines

Question 10

Condition in which people
who are not biologically related behave as if
they are relatives of a certain type

Answer 10

Fictive Kinship

Question 11

Prohibition against sexual inter-
course between certain kinds of relatives

Answer 11

Incest Taboo

Question 12

Marriage rules prohibiting
individuals from marrying a member of their
own social group or category

Answer 12

Exogamous Rules

Question 13

Marriage rules requiring
individuals to marry some member of their
own social group or category

Answer 13

Endogamous Rules

Question 14

Each individual is allowed to
have only one spouse at a time

Answer 14

Monogamy

Question 15

Multiple spouses

Answer 15

Polygamy

Question 16

One man is allowed to have multiple
wives

Answer 16

Polygyny

Question 17

One woman is allowed to have
multiple husbands

Answer 17

Polyandry

Question 18

Several women and several
men are married to one another
simultaneously

Answer 18

Group Marriage

Question 19

Custom whereby a widow marries a
male relative (usually a brother) of her
deceased husband

Answer 19

Levirate

Question 20

Custom whereby a widower marries
a female relative of his deceased wife

Answer 20

Sororate

Question 21

Custom in which a prospective
groom and his relatives are required to transfer goods to the relatives of the bride to validate the marriage

Answer 21

Bridewealth

Question 22

Custom in which a man spends a
period of time working for the family of his
wife

Answer 22

Brideservice

Question 23

Custom in which the family of a
woman transfers property or wealth to her
and/or her husband’s family upon her
marriage

Answer 23

Dowry

Question 24

Residence form in which
couples live with or near the husband’s
parents

Answer 24

Patrilocal Residence

Question 25

Residence form in which couples live with or near the wife’s parents

Answer 25

Matrilocal Residence

Question 26

Residence form in which a couple establishes a separate household apart from both the husband’s and the wife’s parents

Answer 26

Neolocal Residence

Question 27

Residence form in which couples live with or near the mother’s brother of the husband

Answer 27

Avunculocal Residence

Question 28

Form of descent in which individuals trace their most important kinship relationships through their fathers

Answer 28

Patrilineal Descent

Question 29

Form of descent in which individuals trace their primary kinship relationships through their mothers

Answer 29

Matrilineal Descent

Question 30

A unilineal descent group larger than an extended family whose members can actually trace how they are related

Answer 30

Lineage

Question 31

A named unilineal descent group, some of whose members are unable to trace how they are related, but who still believe them- selves to be kinfolk

Answer 31

Clan

Question 32

Form of descent in which individuals do not regularly associate with either matrilineal or patrilineal relatives, but make choices about whom to live with, whose land to use, and so forth

Answer 32

Nonunilineal Descent

Question 33

Kinship terminology system in which no nuclear family kin term is extended to more distant relatives; nuclear family members have unique terms

Answer 33

Eskimo Terminology

Question 34

Kin terminology system in which only sex and generation are relevant in defining labeled categories of relatives

Answer 34

Hawaiian Terminology

Question 35

Kinship terminology system in which Ego calls parallel cousins the same terms as siblings, calls father’s brother the same as father, calls mother’s sister the same as mother, and uses unique terms for the children of father’s sister and mother’s brother

Answer 35

Iroquois Terminology

Question 36

Kinship terminology system associated with patrilineal descent in which Ego’s mother’s relatives are distinguished only by their sex

Answer 36

Omaha Terminology

Question 37

Physical differences based on genetic differences between females and males

Answer 37

Sexual Dimorphism

Question 38

The degree to which males and females are unequal in dimensions such as status, power or influence, access to valued resources, eligibility for social positions, and ability to make decisions about their own lives

Answer 38

Gender Stratification

Question 39

Definitions of sexual identities beyond the female and male duality, including third and fourth genders such as man–woman or woman–man

Answer 39

Multiple Gender Identities