Exam 3

Question 1

An autonomous political unit encompassing a number of distinct, geographically dispersed communities held together by sodalities

Answer 1

Tribe

Question 2

Mechanisms by which
behavior is constrained and directed into
acceptable channels, thus maintaining
conformity

Answer 2

Social Control

Question 3

A kind of social control characterized by
the presence of authority, intention of universal application, obligation, and sanction

Answer 3

Law

Question 4

A method of dispute settlement in
self-help legal systems involving multiple
but balanced killings between members of two or more kin groups

Answer 4

Feud

Question 5

Form of society in
which there is little inequality in access to
culturally valued rewards

Answer 5

Egalitarian Society

Question 6

Society that has a limited
number of high-ranking social positions that grant authority; groups are ranked relative to one another, with the highest rank bringing the highest rewards in prestige, power, and sometimes wealth

Answer 6

Ranked Society

Question 7

Society with marked and
largely or partly heritable differences in access to wealth, power, and prestige; inequality is based mainly on unequal access to productive and valued resources

Answer 7

Stratified Society

Question 8

System of stratification in which membership in a stratum can theoretically be altered and intermarriage between strata is allowed

Answer 8

Class

Question 9

Ideas and beliefs that legitimize and reinforce inequalities in stratified societies

Answer 9

Ideologies

Question 10

Stories that recount the deeds of supernatural powers and cultural heroes in the past

Answer 10

Myths

Question 11

organized, stereotyped, symbolic behaviors intended to influence supernatural powers

Answer 11

Rituals

Question 12

Belief in spiritual beings

Answer 12

Animism

Question 13

Cults based on personal
relationships between specific individuals and specific supernatural powers

Answer 13

Individualistic Cults/Organizations

Question 14

Cults in which certain
individuals (shamans) have relationships
with supernatural powers that ordinary people lack

Answer 14

Shamanistic Cults/Organizations

Question 15

Cults in which the members of a group cooperate to perform rituals intended to benefit all

Answer 15

Communal Cults/Organizations

Question 16

Highly organized cults in which a full-time priesthood performs rituals believed to benefit believers or the whole society, usually in large buildings dedicated to religious purposes or deities; found in complex societies

Answer 16

Ecclesiastical Cults/Organizations

Question 17

A type of communal cult
centered around rituals performed to worship or please a kin group’s ancestors

Answer 17

Ancestral Cults/Organizations

Question 18

Part-time religious specialist who uses his special relationship to supernatural powers for curing members of his group and harming members of other groups

Answer 18

Shaman

Question 19

A form of communal cult in which all members of a kin group have mystical relationships with one or more natural objects

Answer 19

Totemism

Question 20

A kind of religious specialist, often full-time, who officiates at rituals

Answer 20

Priests

Question 21

The notion that the
emotional or affective satisfactions people
gain from religion are primary

Answer 21

Psychological Approach

Question 22

The effects of religion on maintaining the institutions of society as a whole by instilling common values, creating
solidarity, controlling behavior, and so forth

Answer 22

Sociological Approach

Question 23

Qualities that make objects, actions,
or language more beautiful or pleasurable,
according to culturally relative and variable
standards

Answer 23

Aesthetic

Question 24

Forms of art such as music, percussion, song, dance, and theater/drama that involve sound and/or stylized body movements

Answer 24

Performance Arts

Question 25

Artificial artistic enhancement or beautification of the human body by painting, tattooing, scarification, or other means

Answer 25

Body Arts

Question 26

Arts produced in a material or tangible form, including basketry, pottery, textiles, paintings, drawings, sculptures, masks, carvings, and the like

Answer 26

Visual Arts

Question 27

An ethnic group that claims a right to a discrete homeland and to political autonomy and self-determination

Answer 27

Nationality

Question 28

A dependent subgroup within a larger nationality that lacks the concept of a separate homeland and makes no claim to any inherent right to political autonomy and self-determination

Answer 28

Subnationality

Question 29

A form of complex society in which many people live in cities

Answer 29

Civilization

Question 30

A geographical region over which a particular ethnic group feels it has exclusive rights

Answer 30

Homeland

Question 31

The creation of a new ethnic group

Answer 31

Ethnogenesis

Question 32

Multinationality countries created by external powers; usually applied to former colonies

Answer 32

Artificial Countries

Question 33

Subfield whose practitioners use anthropological methods, theories, and concepts to solve practical, real-world problems; practitioners are often employed by a governmental agency or private organization

Answer 33

Applied Anthropology

Question 34

The process of integrating the world’s peoples economically, socially, politically, and culturally into a single world system or community

Answer 34

Globalization

Question 35

Holds that there are not enough land, water, and other resources to feed all the people of a country or region an adequate diet, given current technology

Answer 35

Scarcity Explanation of Hunger

Question 36

Notion that hunger is not caused by absolute scarcity but by the unequal distribution of resources and how these resources are used

Answer 36

Inequality Explanation of Hunger

Question 37

Culturally distinct peoples who have occupied a region longer than peoples who have colonized or immigrated to the region

Answer 37

Indigenous Peoples