Exam 2 Flashcards
(21 cards)
A species of salamander has expanded its range over thousands of years. This range expansion was facilitated by adaptation to climate. What kind of dispersal is this?
Secular
Which of the following is a density independent factor that may affect population size?
a. Competition
b. Predation
c. Temperature
d. Disease
c. Temperature
You conduct a mark-recapture experiment on sea turtles. The first catch is 75. The second catch is 60, 24 of which are marked. What is your estimate of the population size?
187.5
Which is the best technique to catch ground beetles for a mark-recapture experiment?
a. Transect-quadrat
b. Pitfall trap
c. Mist net
d. Live trap
b. Pitfall trap
There is an allele that causes polydactyly (presence of an additional finger). About 43% of people who have this allele have this phenotype. What can you conclude here?
a. The penetrance is 43%
b. The heritability is 43%
c. The patterns is caused by a genotype by environment interaction
d. The expressivity is 43%
a. The penetrance is 43%
Which of the following best describes heritability?
a. The chance that an allele will be passed from parent to child
b. The effect size is an allele when a trait is polygenic
c. Percent of variance in phenotype cause be genetic variability
d. A fixed value associated with particular genotypes
c. Percent of variance in phenotype cause be genetic variability
There are two genetically identical populations in which you are measuring a trait. VE in population 1 is 10 and in population 2 is 20. What is your prediction about heritability in these populations?
It will be higher in population 1
How is heritability typically measured?
By determining how well parent phenotypes predict offspring phenotypes
When is the effect of drift strongest?
when effective population size is low
Which of the following is not an accurate description of a way evolution can work?
a. a new mutation arises and increases in frequency due to random chance events
b. an allele that confers increased fitness increases in frequency due to selection
c. pollen travels from one population to another altering allele frequencies
d. a population experiences novel environmental conditions so a new mutation
a. a new mutation arises and increases in frequency due to random chance events
Mutations are most commonly… what?
Neutral
Which of the following could alter the allele frequency in a population?
a. Positive selection
b. Drift
c. Migration
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Which of the following impacts the rate of spread of new mutations in populations?
a. Selective advantage of the mutation
b. population size
c. Migration rate
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
How does radiation cause mutations?
Causes DNA breaks
Which of the following has the highest mutation rate?
a. viruses
b. bacteria
c. plants
d. fungi
a. viruses
Which of the following would reduce effective population size?
a. mating is random
b. there are more males and females
c. reproductive rates are consistent among individuals
d. all of the above
b. there are more males and females
Which of the following is not necessary for natural selection to occur?
a. more individuals are born than can survive
b. variation exists in traits
c. variation in traits is due to the environment
d. variation in traits leads to differential survival or reproduction
c. variation in traits is due to the environment
Evolution occurs at the ____ level
Population
You conduct a chi-square test comparing the observed genotype frequencies to those expected under H-W equilibrium and your p-value is 0.001 what does this tell you?
- the population is at equilibrium
- evolution is occuring in the population
- the allele is under selection
In a population the frequency of allele A is 0.3. There are two alleles A and a. If the population is at equilibrium, what would the frequency of heterozygotes be?
0.42
The conditions required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are frequently met in natural populations
false
