Exam 2

Question 1

What is the name of a carbohydrate with 3 carbon atoms.

Answer 1

Triose

Question 2

What is the name of a carbohydrate with 4 carbon atoms.

Answer 2

Tetrose

Question 3

What is the name of a carbohydrate with 5 carbon atoms.

Answer 3

Pentose

Question 4

What is the name of a carbohydrate with 6 carbon atoms.

Answer 4

Hexose

Question 5

What is the name of a carbohydrate with 7 carbon atoms.

Answer 5

Heptose

Question 6

Which amino acid is generally the first limiting amino acid in US livestock diets.

Answer 6

Lysine

Question 7

Which amino acid whose nitrogen is part of a ring structure.

Answer 7

Proline

Question 8

Which amino acid whose nitrogen is part of a ring structure.

Answer 8

Proline

Question 9

Which amino acid is essential for cats?

Answer 9

Taurine

Question 10

Which amino acid is generally the second limiting amino acid in the US?

Answer 10

Methionine

Question 11

Which amino acid is essential for chickens?

Answer 11

Glycine

Question 12

What is the name of the fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by abnormally folded proteins?

Answer 12

Prions

Question 13

What is the name of the autosomal recessive disorder that causes an intolerance of digested sucrose?

Answer 13

Congenital sucrose-isomaltese deficiency

Question 14

What is the name of the condition in which the body cannot properly digest lactose?

Answer 14

Lactose intolerance

Question 15

What is the name of a “disease” caused by a lack of ingested antibodies leaving neonates vulnerable to infection?

Answer 15

Failure of passive transfer

Question 16

What is the name of the disorder causing a decreased production of digestive enzymes by the pancreas, which results in reduced nutrient absorption?

Answer 16

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

Question 17

Which bond causes amide linkages between the a-carboxyl group of one amino acid and the a-amino group of another?

Answer 17

Peptide bond

Question 18

What type of amino acids have positively charged side chains due to an amine group.

Answer 18

Amino acids with basic side chains

Question 19

What type of amino acids have hydrophilic R-groups that form hydrogen bonds with water or other polar molecules?

Answer 19

Amino acids with polar side chains

Question 20

Which protein structure has specific spatial arrangement of a particular peptide segment?

Answer 20

Secondary

Question 21

Which amino acids are primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen, making them water repellant?

Answer 21

Amino acids with nonpolar side chains

Question 22

True or false. The urea cycle is regulated by N-acetyglutamic acid and the concentrations of other substances.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

True or false. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is a 3-carbon molecule.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

True or false. Starch is the storage form of glycogen in animals.

Answer 24

False

Question 25

True or false. In a “D” isomer, the functional group is oriented to the left, while it is oriented to the right in an “L” isomer.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

True or false. Carbohydrates are considered the workhorse of the cell.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

True or false. Glycolysis is a 10 step sequence.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

True or false. Feed processing methods have no impact on protein quality.

Answer 28

False

Question 29

True or false. Glycosidic bonds link sugars together.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

True or false. Young animals secrete chymosin which clots milk.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

True or false. The reactions of glycolysis happen in two phases.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

In monogastric animals, protein digestion begins in the?

Answer 32

Stomach

Question 33

Acetyl CoA enters the TCA cycle and condenses with a 4-carbon compound called ___ to form citrate.

Answer 33

Oxaloacetate

Question 34

Methods for assessing protein quality include all of the following except: A. Biological value B. Net protein utilization C. Neutral detergent fiber D. AA score

Answer 34

C.

Question 35

All of the following are inactivated endopeptidases except: A. Enterokinase B. Chymotrypsinogen C. Procarboxypeptidase D. Renin

Answer 35

D.

Question 36

Proteins that are not extensively degraded in the rumen are called?

Answer 36

“Bypass proteins”, rumen undegradable proteins, escape proteins

Question 37

In the chicken, nitrogen is excreted as?

Answer 37

Uric acid

Question 38

___ is a condition in which the immune system attacks and destroys its own pancreatic b-cells.

Answer 38

Type 1 diabetes

Question 39

All amino acids except ___ and ___ are glucogenic.

Answer 39

Lysine and leucine

Question 40

A single glucose molecule consumes 2 ATP molecules, but produces?

Answer 40

4 ATP molecules

Question 41

Glucose and galactose are transported into enterocytes via?

Answer 41

SGLT-1

Question 42

The site of glycolysis and the TCA cycle in the cell are ___ and ___.

Answer 42

Cytoplasm, mitochondria

Question 43

The carbon skeletons of proteins can be used for ___, ___, and ___.

Answer 43

Gluconeogenesis, ketogenesis, oxidation

Question 44

Describe the difference between essential and nonessential amino acids.

Answer 44

Essential amino acids must be obtained in the diet while nonessential amino acids can be made by the body

Question 45

Which two amino acids are strictly ketogenic?

Answer 45

Lysine and leucine

Question 46

In glycolysis, the cleavage of fructose-1,6-biphosphate is an important step. What two compounds are produced as a result of this cleavage. Why is this an important step in the animals overall metabolism.

Answer 46

G3P and DHAP, can be sent and used in fatty acid synthesis

Question 47

There are 10 essential amino acids in animal diets. What are they? (PVT TIM HALL)

Answer 47

Phenylalanine, valine, tryptophan, threonine, isoleucine, methionine, histidine, arginine, leucine, lysine

Question 48

The urea cycle consists of 5 reactions, using the enzymes listed below, please indicate whether these enzymes can be found in the mitochondria or cytoplasm. 1. Carbamoyl phosphate synthase 1 2. Arginase 3. Argininosuccinase 4. Ornithine trans-carbamylase 5. Argininosuccinase synthethase

Answer 48

1. Mitochondria 2. Cytoplasm 3. Cytoplasm 4. Mitochondria 5. Cytoplasm