Feed Additives Flashcards
(43 cards)
What are feed additives?
Non-nutritive substances
Added in small quantities
Achieve specific beneficial effects
Used extensively in livestock
Why use feed additives?
Improve feed quality, promote animal health, enhance animal performance
Antibiotic killing gram-positive bacteria to promote certain gut biome in rumen to protect against pathogenic gram positive bacteria
Who regulates feed additives?
FDA
True or false. Feed additives are classified as drugs.
True
How do you get FDA approval for a feed additive?
- Establish it is safe and effective
- Establish safe for humans and environment
- Establish chemical and manufacturing specifications
- Extensive research
What will the FDA do before approval?
Monitor labeling and feeding, monitor safety of animal products
Marketing permitted after approval
What are the classifications of feed additives?
Medicated feed: feed mixed with approved drug
Medicated product: stand-alone medication
What are the different types of medicated feed?
Category 1: safest, no withdrawal period
Category 2: requires withdrawal period for at least one species
What are the different types of medicated products?
Type A: concentrated premix of product; added to other feedstuffs prior to feeding
Type B: added to other feedstuffs, lower drug concentration than A
Type C: prepared for feeding as complete food, top-dressor ad-libitum
Which types of additives improve manufacturing or feed properties?
Antifungal agents, antioxidants, pellet binders
What are antifungal agents?
Prevent growth of fungi and mold in feeds
What does fungus do when eaten?
Produce toxins, alter chemical composition, alter animal metabolism
How can fungus affect the animal?
Reduce palatability, detrimental to health and productivity, varies with species
What are the 7 antifungal agents?
Propionic acid, sodium propionate, calcium propionate, sodium diacetate, sorbitol acid, ammonia, phosphoric acid
What are antioxidants?
Minimizes oxidation and rancidity in feedstuffs
Interferes with lipid perioxidation process by donating hydrogen atoms or electrons to free radicals
What are the 3 synthetic antioxidants?
Ethoxyquin, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)
What are the 3 natural antioxidants?
Vitamin E, vitamin C, and selenium
What are pellet binders?
Enhance firmness and strength of pellets, prevent crumbling, reduce sorting and waste
What are the 3 pellet binders?
Bentonites, molasses’s and lipids, wheat
What are pellet binders common in feed?
Taste sweet so increase palatability
Why are flavoring agents used?
Improve palatability and acceptance of feed
Beneficial for rations with low palatability, animals in distress, high producing animals
What are natural flavoring agents made from?
Plant or animal sources
What are nature-identical flavoring agents made from?
Chemical synthesis, chemically identical to natural products
What are artificial flavoring agents made from?
Chemical synthesis, higher consistency and quality compared with natural