{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "name": "Brainscape", "url": "https://www.brainscape.com/", "logo": "https://www.brainscape.com/pks/images/cms/public-views/shared/Brainscape-logo-c4e172b280b4616f7fda.svg", "sameAs": [ "https://www.facebook.com/Brainscape", "https://x.com/brainscape", "https://www.linkedin.com/company/brainscape", "https://www.instagram.com/brainscape/", "https://www.tiktok.com/@brainscapeu", "https://www.pinterest.com/brainscape/", "https://www.youtube.com/@BrainscapeNY" ], "contactPoint": { "@type": "ContactPoint", "telephone": "(929) 334-4005", "contactType": "customer service", "availableLanguage": ["English"] }, "founder": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Andrew Cohen" }, "description": "Brainscape’s spaced repetition system is proven to DOUBLE learning results! Find, make, and study flashcards online or in our mobile app. Serious learners only.", "address": { "@type": "PostalAddress", "streetAddress": "159 W 25th St, Ste 517", "addressLocality": "New York", "addressRegion": "NY", "postalCode": "10001", "addressCountry": "USA" } }

Feed Additives Flashcards

(43 cards)

1
Q

What are feed additives?

A

Non-nutritive substances
Added in small quantities
Achieve specific beneficial effects
Used extensively in livestock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why use feed additives?

A

Improve feed quality, promote animal health, enhance animal performance
Antibiotic killing gram-positive bacteria to promote certain gut biome in rumen to protect against pathogenic gram positive bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Who regulates feed additives?

A

FDA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

True or false. Feed additives are classified as drugs.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do you get FDA approval for a feed additive?

A
  1. Establish it is safe and effective
  2. Establish safe for humans and environment
  3. Establish chemical and manufacturing specifications
  4. Extensive research
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What will the FDA do before approval?

A

Monitor labeling and feeding, monitor safety of animal products
Marketing permitted after approval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the classifications of feed additives?

A

Medicated feed: feed mixed with approved drug
Medicated product: stand-alone medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the different types of medicated feed?

A

Category 1: safest, no withdrawal period
Category 2: requires withdrawal period for at least one species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the different types of medicated products?

A

Type A: concentrated premix of product; added to other feedstuffs prior to feeding
Type B: added to other feedstuffs, lower drug concentration than A
Type C: prepared for feeding as complete food, top-dressor ad-libitum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which types of additives improve manufacturing or feed properties?

A

Antifungal agents, antioxidants, pellet binders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are antifungal agents?

A

Prevent growth of fungi and mold in feeds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does fungus do when eaten?

A

Produce toxins, alter chemical composition, alter animal metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How can fungus affect the animal?

A

Reduce palatability, detrimental to health and productivity, varies with species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 7 antifungal agents?

A

Propionic acid, sodium propionate, calcium propionate, sodium diacetate, sorbitol acid, ammonia, phosphoric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are antioxidants?

A

Minimizes oxidation and rancidity in feedstuffs
Interferes with lipid perioxidation process by donating hydrogen atoms or electrons to free radicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 3 synthetic antioxidants?

A

Ethoxyquin, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 3 natural antioxidants?

A

Vitamin E, vitamin C, and selenium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are pellet binders?

A

Enhance firmness and strength of pellets, prevent crumbling, reduce sorting and waste

19
Q

What are the 3 pellet binders?

A

Bentonites, molasses’s and lipids, wheat

20
Q

What are pellet binders common in feed?

A

Taste sweet so increase palatability

21
Q

Why are flavoring agents used?

A

Improve palatability and acceptance of feed
Beneficial for rations with low palatability, animals in distress, high producing animals

22
Q

What are natural flavoring agents made from?

A

Plant or animal sources

23
Q

What are nature-identical flavoring agents made from?

A

Chemical synthesis, chemically identical to natural products

24
Q

What are artificial flavoring agents made from?

A

Chemical synthesis, higher consistency and quality compared with natural

25
How do enzymes improve efficiency in feedstuffs?
Common in Monogastric diets Reduce anti nutritional effects by improving phosphate retention through phytate and non-starch polysaccharides
26
What are some enzymes?
Phytases Carbohydrases: rye and wheat, barley and oats
27
What are the benefits of using enzymes?
Improved growth rate, improved feed efficiency, reduced inflammation
28
What are direct fed microbials?
Substances containing live microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and yeast
29
Why use direct fed microbials in feed?
Improve digestion, boost nutrient utilization, strengthen immune system
30
What are the 3 main types of direct fed microbials?
Probiotics: live cultures of microorganisms that contain lactobacillus and bifidobacterium Prebiotics: nondigestible ingredients that serve as food for microbes such as lactulose, mannan-oligosaccharide, inulin, and fructooligosaccharides Symbiotics: mixture of the two
31
What are hormones?
Chemical compounds produced in specific regions that are then transported to different parts of the body to perform certain functions Utilized to improve animal production Only 1 approved by FDA
32
What are some hormones used as a feed additive?
Melengestrol acetate (MGA) Synthetic progesterone, suppresses estrus and ovulation, improves gain and feed efficiency in feedlot heifers, maintains intake and performance in steers
33
What are antibiotics?
Produced by living microorganisms Have bacteriostatic or bactericidal properties
34
What are subtherapeutic levels?
Feed additives administered in low amounts which aids in control of infectious diseases Best for young, sick, or stressed animals
35
Why is the use of subtherapeutic levels in livestock controversial?
Extensive use could cause resistance build up
36
What are therapeutic doses?
A larger amount given to treat or control disease usually during transportation
37
What are Ionophores?
Alter population of microorganisms by inhibiting growth of gram positive bacteria which alters the rumen metabolism (acetic acid to propionic acid) Not approved for lactating dairy cattle
38
What are some other functions of ionophores?
Reduced incidence of lactic acidosis, decrease degradation of protein in rumen, aid in control of coccidiosis, face and horn flies
39
What are coccidiostats used for?
Preventing and controlling coccidiosis Inhibit reproduction and development of coccidia Protozoa
40
What are anthelmintics(dewormer) used for?
Additives to prevent and control parasitic organisms in animal
41
Production agriculture aims to ___
Produce safe, Wholesome, and cost effective food products that are acceptable to the consumer
42
Why are xanthophylls added to poultry rations?
Increase intensity of yellow pigmentation in eggs and skins
43
What are the natural sources of xanthophylls?
Green plants, yellow corn, other yellow-red pigmented plants, marigold petal meal, dried algae