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Psych 101 > Exam 2 - 3&4 > Flashcards

Exam 2 - 3&4 Flashcards

(84 cards)

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1
Q

Sensation

A

Detecting information and converting physical energy

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2
Q

Perception

A

Interpreting info

Organize and interpret

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3
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

Inability to recognize known faces

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4
Q

Bottom-Up Processing

A

Sensation to perception

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5
Q

Top-Down Processing

A

Using past experiences to fill in gaps

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6
Q

Association Areas

A

Neural networks in cities that integrate info

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7
Q

Transduce

A

Converting energy from one form to another

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8
Q

Cornea

A

Bend light
Front of eye

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9
Q

Iris

A

Dilates and constricts pupils

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10
Q

Retina

A

Contains photoreceptors

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11
Q

Photoreceptors

A

The sensory receptors for light

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12
Q

Rods

A

Black white and grey
For dark
Sensitive
Lots
Fires in groups

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13
Q

Cones

A

Fine details and color
Daytime
Not as sensitive

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14
Q

High Road

A

Thalamus to primary visual cortex

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15
Q

Low Road

A

Thalamus to amygdala

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16
Q

Blindsight

A

A person lacks explicit visual perception but can see in other ways

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17
Q

Absolute Thresholds

A

Minimum intensity to notice 50% of the time

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18
Q

Difference Threshold

A

Minimum change to notice change

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19
Q

Webers Law

A

Proportional constant

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20
Q

Dorsal Stream

A

Locates things in space
“Where” pathway

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21
Q

Ventral Stream

A

“What” pathway

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22
Q

Figures

A

The object of visual attention

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23
Q

Ground

A

The back/foreground that helps give the figure shape

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24
Q

Gestalt Psychologists

A

How “wholes” are constructed

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25
Heuristic
Top-Down strategy allowing quick judgements
26
Monocular Cues
Use one eye Distance for objects further than a few feet
27
Binocular Cues
Use both eyes Detect and estimate distance (close) Depth
28
Retinal Disparity
Images compared across retinas
29
Feature Detector Cells
Neurons that fire to specific shapes lines angles and properties
30
Supercell Clusters
Networks integrating feature into complex patterns
31
Context Effects
Perception is influenced by context
32
Perceptual Set
See what we expect to typically see
33
Phi Effect
Static stimuli presented in rapid succession interpreted as movement (ie animation)
34
Signal Detection Theory
Sensation without perception Perception depends on state
35
Evolutionary Psychology
Similarities in big groups over differences
36
Behavioral Genetics
Genetics role to variation within groups
37
David Buss
Jealousy is an evolutionary adaptation that promotes natural selection
38
Reproductive Fitness
Characteristics that increase the odds of reproduction are naturally selected
39
Genome
Complete set of genes
40
Alleles
Gene locations allowing for variation within a species Contribute to “trait” differences
41
Genotype
The actual gene
42
Phenotype
Observable trait
43
Hereditary
Passing on characteristics to offspring through genes
44
Homozygous trait
Trait due to identical alleles AA, aa
45
Heterozygous Trait
Trait due to allele differences Aa
46
Epigenetics
Environmental influence on gene expression
47
Epigenome
System of “tags” Turn genes on and off
48
Sebastian Seung
Connectome Genes and environment impact neural wiring
49
Biological Sex
Mix of phenotypical characteristics Assigned
50
Testosterone
Hormone SRY gene
51
A Construct
Theoretical species definition
52
Culture
Beliefs, practices, and expectations shared by a group
53
Gender Roles
Cultural expectations on gender
54
Gender Typing
Acquisition of gender roles Acquisition of gender identity over time
55
Social Learning Theory
Gender typing occurs through interactions where we observe, are rewarded/punished, have experiences
56
Statistical Significance
Difference does not occur by chance
57
Effect Size
Characterizes the degree of difference
58
Gender Similarities Hypothesis
Men & women are more similar than not for most psychological characteristics
59
Sexual Orientation
Attraction towards
60
Single Blind
The researcher doesn’t know who is in what group
61
Double Blind
The researcher and participant don’t know groups
62
Masters and Johnson
Observed sexual response cycle
63
Naturalistic Observatuon
Observing a subject or group in a natural environment (without influencing)
64
Laboratory Observatuon
Observing a subject or group in a laboratory that simulates a natural environment
65
Estrogens
Hormone Peak during ovulation
66
Diary Study
Studied women on ovulation More intercourse when ovulating
67
Fantasy Study
Studied women while ovulating Fantasize more during ovulation
68
Tshirt Study
Men smelled womens shirts that were sweat in during ovulation Found more attractive when ovulating
69
Exotic dancer study
Men gave more tips when women were ovulating
70
Insomnia
Trouble falling/staying asleep Chronic fatigue
71
Narcolepsy
Brains sleep-wake cycle compromised
72
Cataplexy
Sudden loss of control over muscle that produces weakness/paralysis
73
Sleep Apnea
Breathing is paused or becomes shallower during sleep
74
Circadian Rhythm
Daily biological sleep/wake rhythm
75
Suprachiasmatic Nuclei
Inhibits Pinal gland When a lot of light, prevents us from sleeping
76
Hypnagogic Sensations
Intense dreams, can be perceived as memories
77
Sleep Spindles
Weird movements or speaking during sleep
78
K-Complex
Filter out external info Integrate info into dreams
79
Psychoanalytic Theory of Dreaming
Sigmund Freud Dreams contain info about a persons unconscious wishes, fears, motives, and personality
80
Manifest Content
The actual dream
81
Latent Content
The symbolic meaning of the dream
82
Days Residue
Recent events during the day Can appear in dreams
83
Activation-Synthesis Model
Neural network activity increases during deep sleep and REM, brain synthesizes and interprets into dreams
84
Information-Processing Theory of Dreaming
Dreams represent the brains attempt to manage new learning

Psych 101 (4 decks)

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