Exam 2

Question 1

Contemporary Rhetorical Theory

Answer 1

Alternative ways to describe and critique contemporary rhetorical practice. many more models of rhetoric exist.

Question 2

Diatribe

Answer 2

things that are meant to shock the audience

Question 3

Eulogies

Answer 3

speaker not only acknowledges the death and consoles the living, but offers life lessons from the deceased life

Question 4

Apologia

Answer 4

speaker defends attacks on character

Question 5

Genre

Answer 5

some topics and arguements were better for some settings than others.

Question 6

Logology: Kenneth Burke

Answer 6

Language as motive and identification

Question 7

Pentad

Answer 7

Act- What is the thing going on
Scene- Where is this happening
Agent- Who is involved
Agency- How the act is accomplished
Purpose- What is the goal

Question 8

Guilt-Redemption Cycle

Answer 8

Mortification- admit embarrassment and take responsibility
Victimage- put the blame on someone else
Transcendence- you share the guilt

Question 9

Identification/Consubstantiality

Answer 9

1) Identification through similarity
2) Identification through antithesis
3) Vicarious identification
4) Through inaccuracy- use sneaky words to draw audience in with you

Question 10

Symbolic convergence theory

Answer 10

Fantasies and fantasy themes
When people share in a vision, they are said to symbolically converge (spring break)
A rhetorical vision is a large-scale drama offering a broad view of things

Question 11

Narrative paradigm*

Answer 11

Walter Fisher: Language as narrative
Communication event with a beginning middle, and end
Narrative rationality
-Narrative probability- coherence of the story. Where are plot holes, does it account for details, is it internally consistent?
- Narrative fidelity- does it seem true?

Question 12

Interpersonal communication

Answer 12

engaging in conflict, persuasion, and relational development

Question 13

Identity management

Answer 13

how we manage our impressions or how we look to others

Question 14

Face management

Answer 14

face is central to the coordinated and continued flow of interaction

Question 15

Face

Answer 15

public self-image, or the image of ourselves that we portray during interaction; our image can be lost, maintained, or enhanced during any given interaction.

Question 16

Facework

Answer 16

the supporting and maintaining of our own and the other’s publicly presented self-image

Question 17

Politeness theory *

Answer 17

Face Threatening Acts- anything that challenges our own face or that other the other conflict
positive face needs to be valued
Negative face needs the need to be free of imposition, constraint intrusion.
1st choice- do something or don’t
2nd choice- bald on the record or not
3rd choice- if not botr. on record or off record (vague)?
4th choice- positive politeness or negative politeness

Question 18

Knapp’s staircase model

Answer 18

Initiating
Experimenting
Intensifying
Integrating
Bonding
Differentiating
Circumscribing
Stagnating
Avoiding
Terminating

Question 19

Uncertainty reduction theory *

Answer 19

Relationships grow when partners feel they can predict and explain the other's behavior
- passive- just watching. Laziest stalker ever.
- Active- making point to stalk
Interactive- finally actually talk to them
Axioms of uncertainty reduction
-Verbal communication
-Nonverbal warmth
-Information seeking
-Intimacy of communication
-reciprocity
-perceived similarities
-liking

Question 20

Social penetration theory

Answer 20

Depth- shallow
Breadth- narrow how deeply
Orientation phase- share superficial info
Exploratory affective exchange- explore personalities
Full affective exchange- emotional/personality
Stable exchange- not many relationships get here
Depenetration- lessening of depth and breadth

Question 21

Relational dialectics theory *

Answer 21

internal vs. external
3 main tensions
integration vs separation (connection vs autonomy, inclusion vs seclusion)
Expression vs privacy (openness/closedness, revelation/concealment)
Stability vs change dialectics (predictability/novelty, conventionality/uniqueness)
Selection- selcting and satisfying one opposite while disregarding the other
Alternation- alternating between the opposites, choosing to meet the needs of one opposite at a time
Segmentation- the choice to satisfy one need in one relational situation while satisfying the opposite need in a different situation
Neutralization- compromising and finding a balance (or happy medium) between the opposite tensions
Reframing- perceptual transformation where we change the way we perceive the opposites so that we no longer see them as opposites

Question 22

Dyad

Answer 22

two people

Question 23

Tuckman’s group development theory *

Answer 23

Forming
Storming
Norming
Performing
Adjourning

Question 24

Cohesion

Answer 24

how much the group is like minded

Question 25

Task focus

Answer 25

communication and behavior focuses on the group

Question 26

Social focus

Answer 26

concentrates on the relationships in the group and the climate of the group.

Question 27

Functional theory of decision making *

Answer 27

Functional requisites - understanding the problem - establishment of goals and objectives - identifying alternative realistic proposals - evaluating positive and negative qualities associated with alternative choices.

Question 28

Groupthink *

Answer 28

Illusion of invulnerability - Unquestioned morality - Collective rationalization - Stereotyping opponents negatively - self-censorship - direct pressure on dissenters - mindguards - illusion of unanimity

Question 29

Structuration theory

Answer 29

Structure -Rules -Resources (both material and intangable) Duality of structure- the circular relationship between interaction and structure Reflexive monitoring- in our groups we consider past actions and analyse the results of those actions

Question 30

Persuasive Communication

Answer 30

a message that is intended to - shape others' perceptions - reinforce current beliefs - change behavioral responses

Question 31

Persuasion vs. compliance-gaining

Answer 31

convincing compared to getting someone to go through the motions

Question 32

Source and message characteristics*

Answer 32

``` credibility evidence one-sided message two-sided message anticlimax order climax order pyramidal order ```

Question 33

Theory of reasoned action *

Answer 33

predicts people with act a certain way (subjective norms) Perceived behavioral control led to theory of planned behavior which states that people's plans are often stymied by lack of confidence. Efficacy is do they feel they have control over their own behavior Theory of planned behavior is the theory that How I feel about other people and my efficacy will affect my behavior.

Question 34

Social Judgement theory

Answer 34

``` message discrepancy latitude of acceptance latitude of rejection anchor assimilation contrast ```

Question 35

Cognitive dissonance *

Answer 35

Tensions in audience thought can be used to persuade. 1) people need to have cognitive consistency 2) Cognitive inconsistency leads to psychological discomfort 3) This discomfort motivates people to try to restore cognitive balance. Minimal justification is what you need in order to get attitude change and not just a behavioral change.

Question 36

Compliance-gaining taxonomy

Answer 36

``` Rewarding activity Punishing activity Expertise Activation of impersonal commitments Activation of personal commitments ```

Question 37

Elaboration likelihood model *

Answer 37

Central processing- lookas @ argument and credibility/logical faults Peripheral processing- does it sound/look appealing Heuristic model of persuasion -Systematic processing (cognitive effort as central processing) - Heuristic processing (focuses on cues that are peripheral to the message itself)