Exam 3 Flashcards
(24 cards)
Aristotle’s artistic proofs*
Logos: The logical power or force of a messageEthos: Aspects of speaker credibility (competence, goodwill, moral character)Pathos: Attempts of the speaker to bring emotions to the audience.
5 Canons of Classical Rhetoric*
Invention- the discovery of ideas or content, such as topicsArrangement- Organization, or what goes in each part of the speechStyle- the use of language in the speechDelivery- Voice, body movement, and other aspects of physical presentationMemory- Ability to recall key points in one’s own and other’s message (lost canon)
Logology: Kenneth Burke
Language as motive and identification
Pentad
Act- What is the thing going onScene- Where is this happeningAgent- Who is involvedAgency- How the act is accomplishedPurpose- What is the goal
Guilt-Redemption Cycle
Mortification- admit embarrassment and take responsibilityVictimage- put the blame on someone elseTranscendence- you share the guilt
Identification/Consubstantiality
1) Identification through similarity2) Identification through antithesis3) Vicarious identification4) Through inaccuracy- use sneaky words to draw audience in with you
Narrative paradigm*
Walter Fisher: Language as narrativeCommunication event with a beginning middle, and endNarrative rationality-Narrative probability- coherence of the story. Where are plot holes, does it account for details, is it internally consistent?- Narrative fidelity- does it seem true?
Interpersonal communication
engaging in conflict, persuasion, and relational development
Identity management
how we manage our impressions or how we look to others
Face management
face is central to the coordinated and continued flow of interaction
Face
public self-image, or the image of ourselves that we portray during interaction; our image can be lost, maintained, or enhanced during any given interaction.
Facework
the supporting and maintaining of our own and the other’s publicly presented self-image
Politeness theory *
Face Threatening Acts- anything that challenges our own face or that other the other conflictpositive face needs to be valuedNegative face needs the need to be free of imposition, constraint intrusion.1st choice- do something or don’t2nd choice- bald on the record or not3rd choice- if not botr. on record or off record (vague)?4th choice- positive politeness or negative politeness
Uncertainty reduction theory *
Relationships grow when partners feel they can predict and explain the other’s behavior- passive- just watching. Laziest stalker ever.- Active- making point to stalkInteractive- finally actually talk to themAxioms of uncertainty reduction-Verbal communication-Nonverbal warmth-Information seeking-Intimacy of communication-reciprocity-perceived similarities-liking
Relational dialectics theory *
internal vs. external3 main tensionsintegration vs separation (connection vs autonomy, inclusion vs seclusion)Expression vs privacy (openness/closedness, revelation/concealment)Stability vs change dialectics (predictability/novelty, conventionality/uniqueness)Selection- selcting and satisfying one opposite while disregarding the otherAlternation- alternating between the opposites, choosing to meet the needs of one opposite at a timeSegmentation- the choice to satisfy one need in one relational situation while satisfying the opposite need in a different situationNeutralization- compromising and finding a balance (or happy medium) between the opposite tensionsReframing- perceptual transformation where we change the way we perceive the opposites so that we no longer see them as opposites
Tuckman’s group development theory *
FormingStormingNormingPerformingAdjourning
Cohesion
how much the group is like minded
Social focus
concentrates on the relationships in the group and the climate of the group.
Functional theory of decision making *
Functional requisites-understanding the problem-establishment of goals and objectives-identifying alternative realistic proposals-evaluating positive and negative qualities associated with alternative choices.
Groupthink *
Illusion of invulnerability-Unquestioned morality-Collective rationalization-Stereotyping opponents negatively-self-censorship-direct pressure on dissenters-mindguards-illusion of unanimity
Theory of reasoned action *
predicts people with act a certain way (subjective norms)Perceived behavioral control led to theory of planned behavior which states that people’s plans are often stymied by lack of confidence.Efficacy is do they feel they have control over their own behaviorTheory of planned behavior is the theory that How I feel about other people and my efficacy will affect my behavior.
Social Judgement theory
message discrepancylatitude of acceptancelatitude of rejectionanchorassimilationcontrast
Cognitive dissonance *
Tensions in audience thought can be used to persuade.1) people need to have cognitive consistency2) Cognitive inconsistency leads to psychological discomfort3) This discomfort motivates people to try to restore cognitive balance.Minimal justification is what you need in order to get attitude change and not just a behavioral change.
Elaboration likelihood model *
Central processing- lookas @ argument and credibility/logical faultsPeripheral processing- does it sound/look appealingHeuristic model of persuasion-Systematic processing (cognitive effort as central processing)- Heuristic processing (focuses on cues that are peripheral to the message itself)
