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Intro to Sociology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(79 cards)

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1
Q

Social Stratification

A

The system in which groups of people are divided into layers according to their relative property, power, and prestige

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2
Q

The ability to get one’s way even though others resist is called?

A

Power

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3
Q

2) We use Karl Marx’s term (fill in the blank) to denote the tools, factories, land, and investment use to produce wealth.

A

Capital

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4
Q

3) Many theorists argue that through the process of (fill in the blank) European nations got a head start on industrialization because they drained resources from less powerful areas around the world.

A

Colonization or Imperialism

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5
Q

Slavery

A

some individuals own other people

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6
Q

ideology

A

beliefs that justify social arrangements

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7
Q

caste system

A

status is determined by birth and is lifelong

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8
Q

class system

A

more open, based on money and monetary possessions

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9
Q

meritocracy

A

positions that would be warded on the basis of merit

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10
Q

ideology

A

beliefs that justify social arrangements

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11
Q

world systems theory

A

industrialization that lead to 4 groups of nations - core nations, semi periphery, periphery, and external area

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12
Q

culture of poverty

A

poverty perpetuated from generation to next

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13
Q

necolonialism

A

keeping poorer nations in debt and selling weapons to elite

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14
Q

multinational corporations

A

companies that operate across many national boundaries

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15
Q

Social class

A

large group of people who rank closely to one another in property, power, and prestige

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16
Q

wealth

A

property minus personal debt

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17
Q

power

A

ability to get your way despite resistance

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18
Q

power elite

A

those that make big decisions in US society

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19
Q

prestige

A

respect/regard

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20
Q

status

A

social positions

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21
Q

status consistent

A

similar dimension on all three of social class

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22
Q

status inconsistency

A

mixture of high/low ranks

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23
Q

underclass

A

lowest rung no chance of climbing

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24
Q

intergenerational mobility

A

ending up a different rung than parents

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25
structural mobility
changes in society that allow large numbers of people to move up or down the class ladder
26
exchange mobility
large numbers of people move up or down class ladder but proportions of social classes remain the same
27
Horatio Alger Myth
anyone can get ahead if only he or she tries hard enough
28
Race
groups of people with inherited physical characteristics
29
Minority groups
people singled out for unequal treatment who regarded themselves as objects of collective discrimination
30
dominant groups
has greater power/privilege despite numbers
31
ethnic work
ways that people establish, maintain, transmit their identity
32
prejudice
attitude, prejudging someone, usually in a negative way
33
ethnicity
cultural characteristics
34
individual discrimination
negative treatment of one person by another
35
institutional discrimination
discrimination in society
36
authoritarian personality
people who believe in things are either right or wrong
37
scapegoats
unfairly blame troubles on racial/ethnic/religious minority
38
selective perception
lead us to see certain things while blind us to others
39
genocide
attempt to destroy a group of people because of race/ethnicity
40
population transfer
indirect - making minority life miserable so they leave | direct - dominant group expels minority
41
internal colonialsim
how dominant group expels minorities for economic advantage
42
segregation
separation of racial/ethnic groups
43
assimilation
minority groups absolved into mainstream culture
44
multiculturalism
permits social/ethic variation
45
The fact that Blacks and Latinos in the United States are less likely to have loan applications accepted by banks as compared to whites with identical credit scores (Thomas 1991,1992) is an example of (Fill in the Blank) . Increased police presence in minority, underclass communities is another example of:
Institutional Racism
46
While (Fill in the Blank) is an action based on a negative view of a group of people.
Discrimination
47
(Fill in the Blank) is a negative belief about a group of people.
Prejudice
48
A group of people with inherited physical characteristics that society uses to distinguish this group from other groups is called a (Fill in the blank) of people
Race
49
gender stratification
male's / female's unequal access to power,property, prestige
50
sex
biological characteristics that distinguish males and females
51
gender
behaviors/ attitudes considered proper for a groups males/females
52
patriarchy
men dominating society
53
sexual harassment
unwelcome sexual attention at work/school which may affect job or school performance or create a hostile environment
54
disengagement theory
retirements is a device for ensuring that a society's positions of responsibility are passed smoothly from one generation to the next
55
activity theory
examines how people adjust when they retire
56
continuity theory
focuses on how people adjust to growing old by continuing their roles and coping techniques
57
1) Define Environmental Injustice (3 points):
Disproportionate effect or targeting of pollution on disadvantaged social groups or areas.
58
2) Bullard and Johnson explain that the Environmental Justice Movement grows out of other social movements. Name or identify one of these movements (1point):
Civil RIghts
59
Authority
legitimate power, people accept as right
60
coercion
illegitimate power, people do not accept
61
traditional authority
based on custom, halmark of trial group
62
rational legal authority
based on written rules
63
charismatic authority
people drawn to an individual, beleive that person is touched by god, has exceptional ability
64
state
government
65
monarchy
city state ruled bu king/queen who;s right to rule passed onto kids
66
democracy
power to people
67
dictatorship
1 individual seizes power, dictates will of people
68
oligarchy
small group seizes power
69
lobbyists
paid to influence legislation on behalf of their clients
70
special interest groups
consists of people who think alike on a particular issue and can be mobilized for political action
71
political action committees (PACs)
to socialize contributions
72
pluralism
diffusion of power among many special interest groups
73
ruling class
tops leaders of largest cooperations, the power elite
74
war
armed conflicts between nations
75
terrorism
violence intended to create fear in order to bring about political objections
76
capitalism
three factors: private ownership of the means of productions, market competition, pursuit of profit
77
socialism
public ownership of means of productions, central planning, distribution of good without a profit motive
78
convergence theory
fundamental changes in socialist tendencies give evidence for hybrid/ mixed democracy
79
global superclass
leaders of top multinational companies overlap to form a small circle.

Intro to Sociology (3 decks)

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