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Intro to Sociology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

credential societies

A

employees use diplomas/degrees as sorting devices to determine who is eligible for a job

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2
Q

social capitol

A

privileges that help in life such as educated parents, encouragement, pressure

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3
Q

manifest functions

A

positive thing that people intend their actions to accomplish

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4
Q

latent fuctions

A

positive consequences people did not intend

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5
Q

cultural transmission of values

A

process by which schools pass on a society’s core values from one generation to the next

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6
Q

mainstreaming

A

inclussion

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7
Q

social placement (grade keeping)

A

schools separate capable/incapable on basis of merit

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8
Q

tracking

A

sorting students into different educational tracks on basis of perceived ability

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9
Q

hidden curriculum

A

attitudes/ unwritten rules of behavior

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10
Q

self-fulfilling prophecy

A

false assumptions of something that is going to happen but which them comes true because it was predicted

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11
Q

grade inflation

A

giving out higher grades than in past

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12
Q

social promotion

A

passing students from one grade to next even though they have not learned basic material

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13
Q

functional illiteracy

A

high school grads have not learned basic material

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14
Q

sacred

A

aspects of life having to do with supernatural that we awe, respect

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15
Q

profane

A

aspects of life not concerned with religion but part of ordinary life

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16
Q

religion

A

beliefs, practices, moral community (temple, church)

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17
Q

rituals

A

ceremonies, repetitive practices

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18
Q

cosmology

A

unified picture of the world

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19
Q

religious experience

A

sudden awareness of supernatural feeling of coming into contact with God

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20
Q

spirit of capitalism

A

reinvested profit to make more profits

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21
Q

protestant ethic

A

self denying approach to life

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22
Q

cult

A

simply a new/ different religion whose teachings are practices put it at odds with dominant culture/religion

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23
Q

charismatic leader

A

individuals who inspires people because he/she seems to have extraordinary gifts, qualities, abilities

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24
Q

charisma

A

outstanding gift or exceptional leadership

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25
sect
larger than cult, members still feel tension between their views and prevailing beliefs/ values of broader society
26
ecclesia
state religions, govt and religions work together to shape society
27
denominations
"Brand names" within major religions, disagree with particular aspect, not whole.
28
denominations
"Brand names" within major religions, disagree with particular aspect, not whole.
29
Malthus theorem
although population grows geometrically food supply increases arithmetically. Population outstrips food supply
30
exponential growth curve
growth doubles during approximately equal intervals of time, it suddenly accelerates
31
demographic transition
Europe now has higher death rate than birth rate
32
population pyramids
depict a county's population by age and sex
33
demographic variable
fertility, mortality, migration
34
fertility rate
of children average women bears
35
fecundity
of children of children women of capable of bearing
36
crude birth rate
annual number of live births per 1,000 population
37
crude death rate
annual number of deaths
38
net migration rate
difference between number of immigrants and emigrants
39
basic demographic equation
fertility + motality + net migration
40
growth rate
equals births minus death plus net migration
41
zero population growth
asdf
42
city
place in which large numbers of people are large numbers of people are permanent based and do not produce own food
43
urbanization
movement of masses of people to cities which then have growing influnece
44
metropolis
central city surrounded by smaller cities and their suburbs
45
megalopolis
overlapping area consisting of at least 2 metropolis and their many suburbs
46
megacity
when city's population hits 10 million
47
metropolitan statistical areas
central city of 50,000 and urbanized area that are linked
48
edge cities
clusters of building/ services near intersection of major highways
49
gentrification
movement of middle class to random areas of city
50
suburbanization
people moving from cities to suburbs
51
human ecology
how people adapt to enviroments
52
alienation
impersonality/ self interest, mass crows of people take out small stimuli
53
red lining
bankers refuse to make loans in deteriorated neighborhood
54
disinvestment
withdrawal of investment
55
deindustrialization
made US industries more competitive, loss of factory jobs, Detroit
56
urban renewal
tear down and rebuild
57
enterprise zones
attract business to an area by offering reduced taxes
58
social change
shift in characteristics of culture and society
59
dialectical process of history
each ruling group sows the seeds of its own destruction
60
invention
combining of existing elements and materials to form new
61
discovery
new way of seeing reality, second process of change
62
diffusion
spread of an invention of discovery from one area to another
63
cultural lag
some elements of culture lab behind changes that come from invention, discovery, diffusion
64
post modern societies
post industrial societies
65
social movement
large numbers of people who are dissatisfied about things, organize to promote/resist social change
66
proactive social movement
people finding particular condition of society intolerable, join together to promote social change
67
reactive social movement
feel threatened because of some condition of society is changing, react to resist change.
68
public opinion
how people think about an issue
69
propaganda
prevention of info in an attempt to influence people
70
resource moblization
gaining/using resources
71
sustainable environment
world system in which physical environment is used to meet needs without destroying earth

Intro to Sociology (3 decks)

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