exam 2 Flashcards
(96 cards)
1
Q
new world ruminants
A
alpacas, llama, Vicuna
2
Q
buck
A
male goat or sheep
3
Q
doe
A
female goat
4
Q
herd
A
group of goats
5
Q
kid
A
a young goat
6
Q
kidding
A
act of birthing in a goat
7
Q
nanny
A
female goat
8
Q
weather
A
castrated male goat
9
Q
ewe
A
female sheep
10
Q
flock
A
a group of sheep
11
Q
lamb
A
a sheep less than 12 mo of age
12
Q
lambing
A
act of parturition in a sheep
13
Q
ram
A
male sheep
14
Q
weather
A
male sheep castrated before sexual maturity
15
Q
feeding behavior
A
goats: browse sheep: graze
16
Q
social
A
goats: independent sheep: dependent
17
Q
tails
A
goats: erect sheep: down
18
Q
fighting
A
goats: rear/butt sheep: charge/butt
19
Q
danger
A
goat: fight sheep: flight
20
Q
goat uses
A
milk meat fiber work forge control pets
21
Q
sheep uses
A
meat wool
22
Q
goats around the world
A
developing countries, asia and africa
23
Q
goat meat
A
low calories, fat, and cholesterol
high in iron
24
Q
goat milk
A
high protein, fat, and minerals
25
goats vs cows
????
26
goat milk breeds
Alpine, Saanen, Nubian, La Mancha (California) no ears
27
goat meat breeds
Boer, kiko, spanish-feral mix
28
decline sheep farms
low consumption
low wool prices
lack suitable labor
insufficient slaughter/ market
29
Raising sheep pros
low initial cost
limited equip. needed
low labor required
good use of crop residue
30
raising sheep cons
```
predators
disease and parasites
land competition
lack market/ consumption
low wool price
```
31
sheep breeding
short day breeders; once a year
32
accelerated lambing
3 lambs in 2 years
33
sheep weight sold
sold at 60-70, 125 harvested
34
special meat cases
40-60 lbs for specialty markets
35
production goals
high conception rate
high lambing
low lamb mortality
longevity of breeding stock
36
paternal sheep breeds
good growth rate and carcass quality
| hampshire and suffolk
37
maternal sheep breeds
good wool, white face, highly reproductive and milk ability
| merino and rambouillet
38
sheep wool breeds
merino, rambouillet
39
sheep meat breeds
hampshire, suffolk, dorset
40
sheep hair breeds
american blackbelly, dorper, st. Croix
41
wild
not domesticated
42
domesticated
under control by humans
43
feral
formerly domesticated
44
species
members can mate and produce fertile offspring
45
applied animal ethologists
study animal behavior with goal of improving animal management
46
instinct
behavior animal exhibits in absence of any opportunity to learn them (hardwired)
47
domestication
species under control and improving it through selection, mating and handling
48
human advantage to symiosis
more useful
more productive
easier to manage
49
animal advantage to symbosis
protection form predators, competitors and diseases
increase pop
increase range
50
animal ethologist
studies and observes animal behavior in natural habitats
51
domestication example
salmon; domesticated reduced anti-predator response
| divergnce between fast and slow growing strains
52
horses released to state parks
lost wild instincts= death by starvation unable to survive
53
???
famous animal ethologist
54
stereotypies
coping or abnormal behaviors
55
Purdue animal well being resources
Center of the Human-Animal bond
animal behavior clinic
center for animal behavior and welfare
56
Animal rightists
- deals with philosophy as applied to animals
| - no use of animals at all
57
Animal welfarists
concerned with treatment and well-being of animals; not opposed to use for human needs
58
new animal ethics
British Brambell Commission in 1965
59
animal rights groups america
PETA & HSUS
60
Societal concerns of animal welfare
lack movement
lack socialization
cruelty, animal suffering
61
Federal Humane Slaughter Act of 1958
animal must be unconscious then ensured death
62
exstanguination
bleeding to death (ensure death)
63
Horse Protection Act 1970
Tennessee walking horse, stop show horses from being sored to step higher
64
five freedoms by farm animal welfare council
```
freedom from hunger and thirst
freedom form discomfort
pain injury or disease
to express normal behavior
from fear and distress
```
65
BOAH
Board of Animal Health
66
PACUC
Purdue Animal Care and Use Committee
67
laboratory animals
any animal used in scientific research, testing or teaching to gain knowledge about diseases, production or prevention
68
Gregor Mendel
father of genetics
| simple genetic crosses usig pea plants
69
watson and crick
discover dna
70
miescher
discover nuclei high in phosphorous levels (not recognized for 50 yrs)
71
levene
1919 propose nucleic acids composed of nucleotides containing nitrogen bases a sugar and a phosphate group
72
genome
entire genetic material of orgaism
73
chromosome
units of organized dna inside nucleus
74
gene
units of dna that are transcribed on a chromosome smallest unit of inheritance
75
allele
alternate form of the same gene
76
genotype
genetic make up of individual
77
phenotype
appearance of animal
78
epigenetics
external modification of dna that turns on and off genes
79
replication
process by which units produce replicas of themselves
80
transcription
info copied and transported to an appropriate plaace for translation
81
translation
process by which proteins are formed
82
messenger rna
rna form of dna sequence
83
transfer rna
recognizes mrna codons
84
ribosomal rna
assembly area for translation
85
caprine karyotype
all acrocentric
86
ovine karyotype
3 pair metacentric,, fusion of acrocentrics to form metacentrics
87
epistatic genes
ability to mask the expression of another gene
88
inbreeding
good to get rid of or show certain characteristics in animals
89
origional zoo purpose and focus
focus on entertainment of people not welfare of animals
90
change in zoos 1970s
environmental movement drove focus on natural habitats and convservation
91
Columbian Park zoo
founded 1908, free to public
92
4 pillars of the zoo mission
conservation education recreation and research
93
AZA
```
association of zoos and aquariums;
accredidation for zoos and aquariums
collective population management strategies
lobbying fro govt regulations
est science based practices
```
94
zoo population management
maintain sustainable genetically diverse captive population to meet exhibitory needs and conservation goals
95
SSP
green: sustainable 100+ yrs
yellow: not sustianable 100 y and not genetically diverse
red: fewwer than 50 specimens cannot meet demographic sustainability
96
Marius dilemma
giraffe killed because not genetically diverse and took up unnecessary space (Europe)
