Exam 4

Question 1

immature female bovine (cattle)

Answer 1

Heifer

Question 2

mature female bovine (cattle)

Answer 2

cow

Question 3

immature female porcine (pigs)

Answer 3

gilt

Question 4

mature female porcine (pigs)

Answer 4

sow

Question 5

immature female equine

Answer 5

filly

Question 6

mature female equine

Answer 6

mare

Question 7

immature female ovine (sheep)

Answer 7

ewe lamb

Question 8

mature female ovine (sheep)

Answer 8

ewe

Question 9

definition of immature female

Answer 9

female that has not given birth to young

Question 10

definition of mature female

Answer 10

having given at least one birth

Question 11

parity definition

Answer 11

number of times a female has given birth

Question 12

Gestation

Answer 12

time from fertilization until birth

Question 13

partuition

Answer 13

act of giving birth

Question 14

ovum (oocyte)

Answer 14

egg is female haploid cell (gamete)

Question 15

follicle

Answer 15

developing ovum, fluid, and surrounding cells

Question 16

female repro tract funtions

Answer 16

1) reproduction
- produce mature oocyte
- transport sperm
2) provide support for embryo and fetus
3) parturition
4) urination

Question 17

Vulva

Answer 17

outer portion of the vagina

-funtion: external female genitalia

Question 18

vagina

Answer 18

• part of brith canal
• protect uterus from infection
• site of semen deposit in some animals

Question 19

cervix

Answer 19

thick muscular organ

-isolate uterus from external enviro during pregnancy

Question 20

uterus

Answer 20

• 2 sections: body and horns

- houses fetus

Question 21

ovaries

Answer 21

egg production and hormone production

Question 22

oviduct

Answer 22

tube connect ovary to uterus

• site of fertilizaton
• facilitates sperm & ovum transport

Question 23

sow cervix

Answer 23

interdigitating prominences (fits a cork screw)

Question 24

cow cervix

Answer 24

3-4 annular rings

Question 25

cat and dog cervix

Answer 25

one fold

Question 26

bovine (cow) gestation length

Answer 26

282 dayts

Question 27

porcine (pig) gestation length

Answer 27

115 days

Question 28

equine (horse) gestation length

Answer 28

336 days

Question 29

ovine (sheep) gestation length

Answer 29

148 days

Question 30

human gestation length

Answer 30

336 days

Question 31

species with Bicornate uterus

Answer 31

bovine (cow) porcine (pig ovine (sheep)

Question 32

species with bipartite

Answer 32

equine

Question 33

species with simplex

Answer 33

human

Question 34

species with duplex

Answer 34

rabbits marsupials

Question 35

Endocrinology

Answer 35

study of secretions by endocrine glands and their related disorders

Question 36

Endocrine gland

Answer 36

ductless gland secreting a substance into the blood or lymph which acts on a target tissue

Question 37

hormone

Answer 37

substance secreted by a cell or gland acting on a tissue | -act as distance messenger

Question 38

Luteinizing Hormones

Answer 38

- Anterior Pituitary | - stimulate ovulation

Question 39

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Answer 39

- anterior pituitary | - stimulate follicle growth in ovary

Question 40

Oxytocin

Answer 40

- produced in hypothalamus - store in post. pituitary - stimulate milk excretion - uterine contraction

Question 41

hypothalamus

Answer 41

part of brain

Question 42

pituitary gland

Answer 42

come off of brain

Question 43

primary follicle

Answer 43

undeveloped

Question 44

tertiary follicle

Answer 44

large and surrounded by fluid and has more cells

Question 45

Luteinizing Hormone

Answer 45

spike and stimulate ovulation

Question 46

Estradiol

Answer 46

increase prior to LH spike causing estrus | -produced in ovary

Question 47

Progesterone

Answer 47

- produced in corpus luteum (ovary) - maintain pregancy - maintain the lining of the uterus

Question 48

oocyte viability

Answer 48

12-24 hours after ovulation

Question 49

sperm viability

Answer 49

48-72 hours

Question 50

when to breed females

Answer 50

towards the end of estrus

Question 51

diffuse placenta

Answer 51

almost entire surface involved in formation of placenta | -horse and pigs

Question 52

cotyledonary placentation

Answer 52

- multiple discrete areas of attachment - interaction with endometrium - ruminants

Question 53

zonary

Answer 53

complete or incomplete band of tissue surrounding fetus | -dogs and cats elephants and bears

Question 54

Discoid

Answer 54

single placenta formed and is disc like in shape

Question 55

beef production world ranking

Answer 55

3rd 24%

Question 56

trend in beef consumption

Answer 56

decrease steadily - Mad Cow disease in meat - more expensive (cant afford because recession)

Question 57

Backgrounding

Answer 57

putting calves that are too small to go to feedlots

Question 58

location of cow-calf operations

Answer 58

southeast

Question 59

location of feedlot operations

Answer 59

plains: Colorado, Nebraska, Kansas, and Texas

Question 60

efficiency factors between low and high cost producers

Answer 60

- cost per head - calves weaned - weaning lbs - debt per cow - net income per cow

Question 61

why feedlots located in plains states

Answer 61

- close to herd - climate - close to feed - far from people

Question 62

old method of selling cattle

Answer 62

auctions

Question 63

modern method of selling cattle

Answer 63

terminal markets | direct markets

Question 64

British Breeds

Answer 64

- angus hereford - from england/ scotland - Bos Taurus - high fat content, good marbling and calm

Question 65

euro breeds

Answer 65

- limousin, belgian blue | - grow fast, more muscle, less fat

Question 66

Bos Indicus breeds

Answer 66

- from africa | - tolerate poor conditions

Question 67

US breeds

Answer 67

Beefmaster, Santa Gertrudis, Charbray, Brangus

Question 68

ranching

Answer 68

large pasture farms | Wyoming

Question 69

farming

Answer 69

small operations | Indiana

Question 70

cycles of profit and loss in beef

Answer 70

profitability and weather | follow shortly behind number cycles

Question 71

cow calf production goals

Answer 71

- 90-95% calf crop - 550-600 weaning weight by 205 days - bred back w/in 60 days - sell USDA Choice calves

Question 72

how long do cows have to rebreed

Answer 72

85 days

Question 73

black baldies

Answer 73

white face offspring of herford x angus

Question 74

why have holsteins on feedlot

Answer 74

leaner meat

Question 75

feeder

Answer 75

animals raised/sold for feedlot program

Question 76

stocker

Answer 76

animals raised to be backgrounded before going to a feedlot

Question 77

beef feedlot preconditioning

Answer 77

castrated dehorned vaccinated

Question 78

feedlot performance of steers vs heifers

Answer 78

heifers normally weigh less to start and take longer to put on weight -cost of gain higher in heifers

Question 79

medicines beef used for

Answer 79

insulin, thyroid, childbirth, upset stomach, prevent clots, anemia