exam 2

Question 1

The academic discipline that studies systems of production, distribution, and consumption, most typically in the industrialized world

Answer 1

economics

Question 2

a branch of the discipline of anthropology that looks at the systems of production, distribution, and consumption, whenever they may be found, but most often in the non-industrialized world

Answer 2

economic anthropology

Question 3

anthropologist who suggest that ideas of western, industrialized economics can be applied to any economic situation

Answer 3

formal economic theories

Question 4

rules adopted by all societies that govern the regulation and control of such resources as land, water, and their by-products

Answer 4

allocation of resources

Question 5

process whereby goods are obtained from the natural enviorment and altered to become consumable goods for society

Answer 5

production

Question 6

the rules found in all societies dictating how the day-to-day tasks are assigned to the various members of a society

Answer 6

division of labor

Question 7

reasons for the Lakota Indians hold “give aways”

Answer 7

• thanking the community for support
• Giving individuals their “Lakota Indian” names
• Holding a Pow Wow
• Distributing excesses goods

Question 8

When a Lakota family holds a celebration to distribute food and gifts for the community during a Pow Wow

Answer 8

Lakota Giveaway

Question 9

Event when multiple tribes come together

Answer 9

Pan-Tribal

Question 10

co-resident, heterosexual mating, reproducing in a domestic context

Answer 10

marriage

Question 11

Village where “woman-woman” relationship/marriage. women were not able to have the things passed down from their fathers, so often times one of the women would play the masculine roles.

Answer 11

Dahomey villages

Question 12

Some people say that they don’t have any form of real marriage, brothers and sisters are heads of households and raising kids.

Answer 12

Nayar

Question 13

Nuclear family

Answer 13

Parents+kids

Question 14

extended family

Answer 14

3 or more generations, and various side relations (cousins, aunts, uncles)

Question 15

What does the circle represent for the Native American culture

Answer 15

The drum, horizon, heart soul

Question 16

What does the drum represent in Native American Culture

Answer 16

The human heartbeat

Question 17

The Iroquois monetary system

Answer 17

Wampum made of Quahogshell

Question 18

The practice of giving a gift without an expected return but with a moral obligation

Answer 18

General reciprocity

Question 19

The practice of giving with the e pec ration that of a similar gift will be given in the opposite direction after a limited period of time

Answer 19

Balanced reciprocity

Question 20

confusion about how one is expected to behave

Answer 20

role ambiguity

Question 21

rule rquiring marriage outside of one’s own social or kinship group

Answer 21

exogamy

Question 22

a rule requiring marriage within a specified social or kinship group

Answer 22

endogamy

Question 23

marriage of a man and two or mor women

Answer 23

polygyny

Question 24

any marriage in which the selection of the spouse is outside the control of the bride and groom

Answer 24

arranged marriage

Question 25

what are consaguineal relatives

Answer 25

blood relatives

Question 26

what are affinal relatives

Answer 26

"in-laws"

Question 27

what is fictive kinship?

Answer 27

No actual relations - adopted - godparents - "aunts and uncles" that are just parents best friends

Question 28

What are the three types of relatives?

Answer 28

- consaguineal - affinal - fictive kinship

Question 29

Lineality

Answer 29

Kin relationships traced in a single line, such as son, father, and grandmother

Question 30

collaterality

Answer 30

kin relationships traced through a linking relative

Question 31

kinship systems

Answer 31

those relationships found in all societies that are based on blood or marriage

Question 32

descent

Answer 32

tracing one's kinship connections back through a number of generations

Question 33

Unilineal Decent

Answer 33

tracing decent through a single line (such as matrilineal or patrilineal) as compared to both sides (bilateral decent)

Question 34

matrilineal descent

Answer 34

a form of descent whereby people trace their primary kin connections through their mothers

Question 35

Patrilineal descent

Answer 35

a form of a decent whereby people trace their primary kin relationships through their fathers

Question 36

cognatic descent

Answer 36

a form of descent traced through both females and males

Question 37

World distribution of kinship systems- Eskimo

Answer 37

- emphasize the Nuclear Family | - Bilateral

Question 38

World distribution of kinship systems- Hawaiian

Answer 38

- Aunts and uncles are all considered fathers and mothers - All cousins are considered Brothers or sisters - Most prevalent - sex of the person and generation they are in is the only thing

Question 39

World distribution of kinship systems- Iroquois

Answer 39

-emphisise general unilineal kinship principles

Question 40

World distribution of kinship systems- Crow

Answer 40

-Matrilineal

Question 41

World distribution of kinship systems- Omaha

Answer 41

- Patrilineal

Question 42

World distribution of kinship systems- Sudanese

Answer 42

Patrilineal

Question 43

Goods and services (natural resources, human labor and technology) to acquire, produce, and distribute to the people (patterned)

Answer 43

Economy

Question 44

A form of trading found in some of the small-scale societies in which the trading partners have no face-to-face contact

Answer 44

Silent trade

Question 45

Form of reciprocal trading found among the Trobriand Islanders involving the use of white shell necklaces and red shell bracelets

Answer 45

Kula ring

Question 46

A form of economic exchange between individuals who try to take advantage of each other

Answer 46

Negative reciprocity

Question 47

A form of economic exchange in which goods and services are given by members o a groin to a central authority (such as a chief) and then distributed back to the doors, usually in the form of a feast

Answer 47

Redistribution

Question 48

Giving of goods (usually food) to a chief as a visible symbol of the peoples' allegiance

Answer 48

Tribute

Question 49

Physical differences between genders: men vs women

Answer 49

Men- stronger, more muscle mass, need for novelty, more focused on task at hand Women- better fine motor control, more tolerance for boring, repetitive tasks, better multi-taskers

Question 50

Transfer of goods from the groom's lineage to the bride's lineage to legitimize marriage

Answer 50

Bridewealth

Question 51

A form of distribution I which goods and services are bought and sold and their value is determined by a principle of supply and demand

Answer 51

Market exchange

Question 52

A medium of exchange that has well-defined and understood value

Answer 52

Standardized currency (money)

Question 53

The direct exchange of commodities between people that does not invoke standardized currency

Answer 53

Barter

Question 54

Gender that is considered as being more reproductively expendable

Answer 54

Men

Question 55

Gender that is historically given interruptible tasks and why

Answer 55

Females, because they have to be able to drop what they are doing to tend multiple tasks