Flashcards in exam 2 Deck (49)
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1
Which 2 local anesthetics have least vasodilator?
mepivicane and prilocaine
2
what is the longest lasting local anesthetic?
bupivicaine
3
what does maximum recommended doseage depend on?
patients health
4
what local anesthetic has the shortest half life?
articaine
5
trade names for articaine?
zorcaine
septocaine
articadent
6
trade names for bupivicaine?
marcaine
vivacaine
bupivicaine
7
trade names for lidocaine?
lidocaine
xylocaine
octocaine
lignospan
8
trade names for mepivicane?
carbocaine
prolocaine
mepivicane
isocaine
scandonest
9
trade names for prilocaine?
citanest
citanest forte
10
when is local anesthetic with no vasoconstrictor contraindicated?
on a patient who has had open heart surgery within the past 6 months
11
absolute contraindication of local anesthetic with vasoconstrictor ?
uncontrolled diabetes
12
when a peeing is sulfite allergy what should be avoided?
vasoconstrictors (levonordefeine)
13
when a patient is allergic to wine, dry fruit, or chips... what should be avoided?
vasoconstrictor
14
what is added to solution to prevent oxidation?
vasoconstrictor preservative
(sodium bisulfite)
15
what is added to solution to prevent bacterial growth?
methylparabine
16
generic name for prilocaine
prilocaine
17
trade names for bupivicaine
marcaine and vivicaine
18
allergic reactions for local anesthetics are people with?
sulfite allergies- 1 percent is a true allergy
19
this means to use anesthetic with care or watch
relative contraindication
20
main advantage of topical anesthetic
site specific
21
what should be done before administration of LA?
review health history
22
other absolute contraindications if LA with vasoconstrictor
uncontrolled BP
by pass surgery
open heart surgery within 6 months
23
what can be tried to reduce BP?
nitrous oxides
24
what does prilocaine effect?
oxygen levels
25
what is used for congestive heart failure because of arrhythmias with epinephrine?
digitalis glycosides
26
why would vasoconstrictor be an absolute contraindication to someone with hyperthyroidism?
uncontrolled
27
standard LA cartridge contains how much anesthetic?
1.8 mL
except articaine (1.7 mL)
28
what is the main factor of a problem using LA if it is not working
check for vasoconstrictor
29
when should you use little anesthetic as possible?
kids, elderly or people with any health problems
30
if a pt has been given 2 cartridges of LA and it isn’t working what should be done?
readminister and adjust technique
31
how is MRD tested?
on animals and humans and then approved by FDA
32
what considerations are important when selecting LA?
duration of pain control
need for post op pain control
pt health and current medications
allergies
need for hemostasis
33
these provide pulpal anesthia for approx 30 minutes and no not contain vasoconstrictor
short acting LA
2% lidocaine
3% mepivicane
4% prilocaine
34
these types of LA provide pulpal anesthesia for approx 60 minutes and contain vasoconstrictor except 4% prilocaine when admin as nerve block
intermediate acting
2% lidocaine, 1:50,000 epi
2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epi
2% mepivicane, 1:20,000 levonordefrin
4% prilocaine
4% prilocaine 1:200,000 epi
4% articaine 1:100,000 or 1:200,000 epi
35
long lasting LA provides pulpal anesthesia for how long
90+ minutes
bupivicaine 0.5%, 1:200,000 epi
36
means the administration of offending drug may be used judiciously
relative contraindication
37
means the offending drug should not be administered to the individual under any circumstance
absolute contraindication
38
what may cause allergic reactions of a LA?
containing sodium bisulfite or meta bisulfite
39
other than LA, where are sulfates used?
prevent wine from fermentation and oxidation
preservative in dried fruit or potato products
40
what may influence the type and volume of anesthetic or vasoconstrictor a patient may safely receive?
cardiovascular disease
hepatic disease
hyperthyroidism
brittle diabetes
allergies
tricyclic antidepressants
cimetidine
non selective beta blockers
41
what provides better bleeding control?
epinephrine
42
most commonly used La in dentistry
lidocaine
43
what is a good alternative if a vasoconstrictor is contraindicated??
mepivicane
44
what variety are topical anesthetics available in?
gel
ointment
spray
cream
liquid
lozenge
45
what can help identify an anxious patient?
observing the patients posture, body movements, speech patterns and skin
46
clinical signs of moderate anxiety
unnaturally stuff posture
nervous play
white knuckle syndrome
perspiration on forehead and hands
overwillingness to cooperate with clinician
nervous conversation
quick answers
47
another name for thyrotoxicosis
thyroid storm
48
inherited syndrome triggered by exposure to certain drugs for general anesthesia and the neuromuscular blocking agent succinylcholine
malignant hyperthermia
49
