Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Animal Science > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(63 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the six step process of reproduction?

A
  1. Produce sex cells
  2. Estrous cycle/libido - sex drive
  3. Mating
  4. Pregnancy
  5. Birthing
  6. Maternal Behavior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the goal of reproduction?

A

PREGNANCY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some environmental influences on reproduction?

A

nutrition, daylight, temperature, disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is oogenesis?

A

production of follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 4 phases of the estrous cycle?

What is the predominate hormone, site, and effects of each phase?

A
  1. Proestrus (preparation) - FSH, anti pituitary, grow follicles
  2. Estrus (heat) - estrogen, grown follicles, many effects
  3. Metestrus (transition) - decrease in estrogen and increase in progesterone
  4. Diestrus (quiescence) - progesterone, corpus luteum, calming effect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What day of cycle is pregnancy recognition?

A

Day 17, happens in diestrus phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which hormone creates estrogren?

A

FSH - Follicle Stimulating Hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does polyestrus mean?

A

Many recurring heat cycles (cattle, hogs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is anestrus?

A

w/o heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Function of infundibulum?

A

catches ovum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The oviduct serves as a ________

A

passageway for egg and sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the functions of the uterus?

A

site of implantation and attachment, provides all nutrients for growing fetus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 3 main tissues of the uterus?

A
  1. Amnion - innermost layerAllantois or
  2. Allantoic cavity - extension of fetal hindgut, disposal area for fetal waste products
  3. Chorion - contact with wall of uterus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The stronger the chorion attachment the _______.

A

longer the post-partum interval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a free martin?

A

only in cattle, a female born twin to a bull is called a free martin. free martin becomes sterile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the three primary functions of the scrotum?

A
  1. Carry testis outside body cavity, allowing spermatogenesis to happen
  2. regulates temp
  3. protects testis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is monorchid?

A

one testicle is hidden

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

If the testis of a male are removed late in life it is called a _____.

A

Stag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

sperm+_________=semen

A

accessory gland fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a zygote?

A

union of genetic material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is an embryo?

A

when young takes form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is parturition?

A

act of giving birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the gestation of length and act of birthing for a cow?

A

283 days, calving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the gestation length and act of birthing for a mare?

A

330 days, foaling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is the GL and AoB for a sow?
114 days, farrowing
26
What is the GL and AoB for a ewe?
143 days, lambing
27
What is the GL and AoB for a goat?
150 days, kidding
28
What is the GL and AoB for a dog?
62-65 days, whelping
29
What is the GL and AoB for a cat?
62-65 days, queening
30
Advantages of pasture mating?
less time, low labor input
31
Disadvantages of pasture mating?
fewer animals, disease, injury-risk, pasture exposed - don't know time of mating, time of early pregnancy recognition or birth date
32
What is pasture mating?
sire housed w/ dams
33
What is handmating?
sire and dams separated except at time of mating
34
Advantage of handmating?
more animals per sire
35
Disadvantages of handmating?
disease, time, poorer % conception, heat detection
36
What is artificial insemination?
semen collected and deposited in dams by people
37
Advantages of AI?
most animals per sire, better control of disease, "ALLOWS USE OF SUPERIOR SIRE"
38
Disadvantages of AI?
Management, time, some breed restrictions
39
What is embryo transfer?
use of surrogate dam
40
Why would one want control of estrous cycle?
to manage labor, group breeding/birithing
41
What are hormonal methods to control estrus?
extend the cycle by adding progesterones or shorten the cycle by adding prostaglandins,
42
What are behavioral methods to control the estrous cycle?
weaning the piglet, moving and mixing, calf removal
43
When was the first animal cloned?
Steen Willadson, Cambridge, 1985
44
What was the first adult animal cloned?
Dolly a sheep, cells were grown in pitri dish, Rosling Institute in Scotland 1996
45
What is enucleation?
removal of genetic material
46
What is nuclear transfer?
the transfer of a donor nucleus, remove 1N stuff from egg and add 2N skin cells - get embryo
47
Why clone livestock?
produce more consistent food product, fewer number of animals needed for research trials, disease resistance, human medicine
48
What is zoonosis?
movement of pathogens from animals into humans
49
What is an antibody?
any of various proteins in the blood generated in reaction to foreign antigens - they produce immunity to certain micro-organisms
50
What is an antigen?
a substance that when introduced to the body stimulated production of an antibidy
51
What is an antibiotic?
any substance produced by certain fungi bacteria or other organisms that inhibit growth or destroy micro-organisms
52
What is active immunity?
animal builds an antibody in response to antigen challenge, long term protection
53
What is passive immunity?
Animal ingests antibodies, short term protection
54
What is the mother's first milk called?
Colostrum, strengthens infants immunity
55
What are signs that an animal is in heat?
vocalization, excitement, seek-males, mount other animals/willingness to be mounted, enlargement of external genitalia, vaginal discharge
56
What does cryptorchid mean?
both testis hidden
57
Intact and castrated names of cattle?
bull, steer
58
Intact and castrated names of sheep?
ram. whether
59
Intact and castrated names of goats?
buck, whether
60
Intact and castrated names of pigs?
boar, barrow
61
Intact and castrated names of horses?
stallion, gelding
62
intact and castrated names of chicken?
cock, capon
63
what are analgesics?
painkillers

Animal Science (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions