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Animal Science > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 5 views of animal welfare in order using animals the most to not using animals at all?

A

Animal Exploitation, Animal Welfare, Animal Protection, Animal Rights, Animal Liberation

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2
Q

What is animal liberation?

A

extreme view of animal rights, absolutely no use of animals, not even pets

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3
Q

What is animal welfare?

A

a social issue, with ethical, scientific, political and aesthetic properties.

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4
Q

What are welfare and protection groups worried about when they talk about animal well-being?

A

Physical well-being - state of clinical health.

Psychological well-being - good health, free of distress, exhibits range of species behavior, and adaptation to environment.

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5
Q

What is the general welfare criteria?

A

Freedom from hunger, thirst, and malnutrition
Proper shelter
Prevention and treatment of disease and injury
Freedom from fear and to display most normal behavior patterns

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6
Q

Is health alone sufficient enough for good welfare?

A

no, health is essential for welfare but health alone is no sufficient enough for good welfare.

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7
Q

What are factors affecting animal productivity?

A

Facilities, manager, climate, nutrition, disease, breeding

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8
Q

What are exotherms? Endotherms?

A

Cold blooded animals

warm blooded animals

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9
Q

What is the equation to maintain constant temperature?

A

heat produced + heat received = heat loss

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10
Q

What are the four major avenues of heat gain or loss?

A

convection, conduction, radiation, evaporation

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11
Q

What is radiation? Give example.

A

transfer of heat from non-touching objects.

gain heat from sun

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12
Q

What is conduction? Give example.

A

transfer of heat from touching objects.

pig lying on cold concrete will lose heat

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13
Q

What is convection? Give example.

A

flow of heat through air or water, blood.

wind blowing in cold weather will increase heat loss

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14
Q

What is evaporation?

A

flow of heat via vaporization from the lungs of perspiration from the skin

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15
Q

What is the Heat Balance Equation?

A

Change in core temp = [+/-Rd +/-Cd +/- cv] - ev + heat produced.

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16
Q

What is the range of temperatures where an animal is comfortable (neither too hot or too cold)?

A

Thermoneutral Zone (TNZ). Goal is to raise animals as close to TNZ as possible.

BE SURE TO LOOK AT GRAPHS.

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17
Q

What prohibits animal production more, heat stress or cold stress?

A

heat stress

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18
Q

What is the effective temperature?

A

the sum of all environment effects on the animal, including temperature, humidity, and wind chill

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19
Q

What are the two important functions of the swine industry?

A

source of food and other products and biomedical research animal model

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20
Q

What allowed for the change from fat uneconomical pigs to lean economical pigs?

A

short generation interval, 7-12 piglet litter, and nonseasonal breeders

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21
Q

What are the pros and cons of the farrowing house?

A

high investment, but low labor cost and high survival rate

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22
Q

What are the two main causes of preweaning mortality?

A

crushing and starvation

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23
Q

A baby pig environment should be ______, _______, ________, and ________.

A

clean, warm, draft free and well ventilated

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24
Q

When is processing for baby pigs and what all happens?

A

1 to 3 days

iron shots, dip nose in iodine, dock tails, ear notch, castrate males

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25
When are pigs weaned?
14-28 days
26
Which management operation is the highest stress on the pig?
the nursery
27
What are the four productions operations?
farrow to wean, finishing producer, contract finisher, farrow to finish
28
Explain the farrow to wean production operation.
maintain sow herd and breeding
29
Explain the finishing producer production operation.
buys feeder pigs at weaning and feeds to market weight
30
Explain the contract finisher production operation.
individual supplies facilities and utilities
31
Explain the farrow to finish production operation.
take pigs from birth to market. most people do this (profit)
32
What are the maternal breeds of pigs?
those which excel in mothering ability. white breeds. Yorkshire, Landrace, Chester White
33
What are the terminal breeds of pigs?
those which excel in carcass and growth traits. colored breeds. hampshire, duroc, spotted, poland, and berkshire
34
True or false. Domesticated chickens reproduce year round.
true
35
What does oviposition mean?
to lay an egg
36
What is unique about male birds?
testes located inside the body, sperm lives in the female tract for days and they have a cloaca
37
What is unique about the hen's ovaries?
only one is functional
38
The follicle that is ovulated is known as the ____.
yolk
39
what is the average time from ovulation to oviposition and when is the next ovulation?
26 hours. 15 minutes to 2 hours after oviposition. | hence egg layed every 26-28 hours
40
what is a clutch?
eggs layed on consecutive days
41
True or False. Males are more apt to exhibit agnostic behavior more than females.
true
42
true or false. a utilitarian point of view regarding animal use would mean the benefits outweigh the costs.
true
43
true or false. castration of an animal increases their social rank in group.
false
44
True or false. Your hand could be the first hand to touch the egg you eat at breakfast.
True
45
What are the main poultry states?
Arkansas and Georgia
46
What are characteristics of the poultry industry?
major capitol investment, low land requirement, short production cycles, highly automated, highly integrated, concentrated ownership and geographic location
47
What is the life cycle of a typical broiler?
breeder flock --> hatching eggs -->hatchery --> day old chicks --> contract grower --> processor --> market --> consumer
48
In the life cycle of a broiler, how long from conception to market?
10 weeks, 7 weeks from contract grower to market
49
What is the cycle of egg production?
breeder flock -->hatching egg-->hatchery---21 days--->day old pullet (sexed males killed) ---18 to 20 weeks--->started pullet --> Egg producer---52 to 82 weeks--->egg processor (old hens used for processed foods-->supermarket-->consumer
50
What novel was written to bring attention to unsafe food handling and corruption of meat industry?
Upton Sinclair's The Jungle
51
What are the slaughter procedures?
1. Stun/Immobilize 2. Exsanguinate (bleed or stick) 3. Remove hide, hair or pelt 4. Eviscerate - removal of internal organs 5. Final Carcass Preparation 6. Chilled
52
What is the dressing percentage and how do you figure it?
percentage of live animal that is carcass. (Carcass weight/live weight) x 100
53
What does chilling do for meat preservation?
slows microorganism growth
54
What does steam pasteurization do for meat preservation?
quick blast of steam kills surface microorganisms
55
What does irradiation do for meat preservation?
kills surface microorganisms
56
What does freezing do for meat preservation?
slows growth of microorganisms
57
What does drying and salt do for meat preservation?
lowers water activity
58
What does curing do for meat preservation?
add nitrites and salt
59
What does fermenting do for meat preservation?
add bacteria to lower pH
60
What are major challenges for the meat industry?
shelf life, food safety, new product development
61
What is gregarious?
flocking instinct that sheep and goats have
62
Where are sheep that are known for their wool from?
Spain and France
63
Where are sheep that specialize in meat from?
england
64
True or false. Sheep are completely dependent on man and cannot return to the wild.
true
65
True or false. Sheep are short day breeders.
true
66
What is a lambing jug and what is its purpose?
a lamb and mother placed in small pen to bond the lambs.
67
If a sheep is slaughtered under one year of age it is considered _____.
lamb
68
What are impurities of some wool?
sebaceous oil, suint, yolk, acquires dirt, and shrink when impurities are washed
69
Do you want wool with a small diameter or large diameter?
small diameter
70
Kid goats marketed at 2-3 weeks of age are called ______.
cabrito
71
Goats marketed around weaning or 4-5 months of age are called _______
chevon
72
What are the two main breeds for Dairy cows?
Holstein and Jersey
73
What are characteristics of the Holstein?
black and white, big, high milk production
74
What are characteristics of the Jersey?
little, brown, high fat and protein production
75
What initiates lactation?
parturition
76
What are cells that all female mammals have that make milk?
alveoli
77
What do lobules do?
carry milk away
78
What do lobes do?
enter gland in cistern
79
What are muscle cells that surround the alveolus?
myoepthelial
80
What is mastitis?
inflammation of mammary gland
81
How do modern dairies milk?
automatic pulsation vacuum system
82
What are some digestive problems with a horse?
colic, laminitis, heaves, aztouria
83
What is a colic?
upset stomach in horse.
84
What is laminits?
inflammation of laminae of feet (or layers of hoof)
85
What are heaves?
respiratory distress in exhaling, caused by dusty or moldy feed
86
What is Aztouria?
Monday morning disease, temporary paralysis
87
What are the four natural gaits of a horse?
walk, trot, canter, gallop
88
Describe a bay horse.
body color ranging from tan, red and reddish brown with black points on mane, tail and legs.
89
Describe a Sorrel horse.
body color reddish or copper-red. Mane and tail usually the same color.
90
Describe a Bucksin horse.
body color yellowish or gold with black mane and tail
91
What are characteristics of quarterhorse breed?
american breed, incorporation of many breeds, speed over short distances and used for many thiings
92
What are characteristics of paint breed?
colorful coat patter, more paint the better
93
What are characteristics of thoroughbred?
speed over long distance, universal race horse, and Jockey club
94
What are characteristics of Arabian breed?
stamina, speed and beauty, purest of all breeds, unique look to head

Animal Science (4 decks)

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