Exam 2

Question 1

What 4 things do you consider for speech?

Answer 1

• speed
• coordination
• trajectory
• dynamic

Question 2

Overlearned, highly fluent muscle patterns associated with speech production

Answer 2

Engrams

Question 3

Articulated assume positions that enable fast transitions between sounds

Answer 3

Co- articulation

Question 4

Muscle movement, contractile force, and jaw movement are minimal for speech given overall capacities

Answer 4

Minimal effort

Question 5

Multiple feedback channels to repair errors and refine signal

Answer 5

Auditory

Somatosensory feedback

Question 6

Non speech assessment for lips

Answer 6

Smile, picker, move lips, lip compression

Question 7

Non speech assessment for tongue

Answer 7

Protrude, elevate, depress, lateralize

Question 8

Non speech assessment for jaw

Answer 8

Open jaw, clench jaw, lateralize jaw

Question 9

Non speech assessment for Velum

Answer 9

Velar elevation on “ah”

Question 10

Non speech assessment for Vocal folds

Answer 10

Cough, sustained “ah”, pitch glides/ range, vocal intensity range

Question 11

Non speech assessment for respiration

Answer 11

Sustained “ah” duration, breath phrase length (15/20 sec is normal)

Question 12

Speech assessment for diodochokinetics

Answer 12

• Repeated syllables (alternate motion rate)
• Alternate syllables (sequential motion rate)
• Subjective (regular vs variable rate)

Question 13

Speech sample

Answer 13

Standardized passages or conversational speech

Question 14

Dysarthria

Answer 14

Speech sound disorder resulting from neuromuscular weakness

Question 15

Conditions of dysarthria

Answer 15

• neuromuscular disease
• stroke
• cranial nerve damage

Question 16

Hypernasality

Answer 16

To much sound resonated in nasal cavity

Question 17

Hyponasality

Answer 17

Too little sound resonated in nasal cavity

Question 18

Cause of hypernasality

Answer 18

Cleft palates

Neuromuscular weakness

Question 19

Bones involved in cleft lip and palate

Answer 19

Maxilla and palatine bone

Question 20

Palatine lift

Answer 20

A device used to elevate soft palate to more closely approximate the velum closure

Question 21

How does neuromuscular disease affect velar elevation during speech?

Answer 21

Weakens the muscle of velum which causes nasal cavity resonance to be added to the oral cavity for non nasal sounds. Leads to loss of clarity in speech signal

Question 22

Obicularis Oris

Answer 22

Maintains oral seal

VII

Question 23

Risorius

Answer 23

Flattens cheeks and retracts lips at corner

VII

Question 24

Buccinator

Answer 24

Flattens cheeks and moves food into grinding surface of molars
VII

Question 25

Levator labii superioris

Answer 25

Pulls mouth up/ elevated upper lip | VII

Question 26

Zygomatic major

Answer 26

Elevated and retracts angle of mouth/ smiling | VII

Question 27

Depressor labii inferioris

Answer 27

Pulls mouth down | VII

Question 28

Mentalis

Answer 28

Elevated lower lip/ pulls lower lip out

Question 29

Superior longitudinal

Answer 29

Shortens and elevates tip of tongue | XII

Question 30

Inferior longitudinal

Answer 30

Shortens and depresses tip of tongue | XII

Question 31

Transverse

Answer 31

Narrows and elongates tongue | XII

Question 32

Vertical

Answer 32

Flattens tongue | XII

Question 33

Genioglossus

Answer 33

Protrusion and depression of tongue | XII

Question 34

Styloglossus

Answer 34

Retracts and elevates tongue | XII

Question 35

Palatoglossus

Answer 35

Raises tongue base when velum is elevated | X, XII

Question 36

Masseter

Answer 36

Elevates mandible | V

Question 37

Temporalis

Answer 37

Elevates mandible; retracts and protrudes mandible | V

Question 38

Medial pterygold

Answer 38

Elevates mandible; moves mandible, grinds mandible laterally | V

Question 39

Lateral pterygold

Answer 39

Side to side movement; opens jaw | V