Exam 3

Question 1

The process of swallowing

Answer 1

Deglutition

Question 2

Pharyngeal constrictor function

Answer 2

Propel bolus to esophagus

Question 3

Hyoid bone function

Answer 3

Upward and forward movement to mechanically elevate larynx

Question 4

Epiglottis function

Answer 4

• Retroflexes with laryngeal elevation and tongue retraction
• Covers/protects laryngeal vestibule
• directs bolus down lateral pharynx

Question 5

Cricopharyngeus (CP) function

Answer 5

Pinches shut to separate pharynx from esophagus to prevent backflow
-pharyngeal plexus of CN 9 and 10

Question 6

Transmit time of esophagus and what wave?

Answer 6

• 8- 20 sec

- peristaltic wave

Question 7

What extends form the opening of larynx down to ventricular(false) vocal folds?

Answer 7

Laryngeal vestibule

Question 8

What does the Medulla do?

Answer 8

• holds CN IX, X, XI, and XII

- central planner for the swallow reflex

Question 9

Which cranial nerves does the Pons hold?

Answer 9

CN V and VII

Question 10

What is involved in smell and tase drive appetite? Also, what receptors are for taste buds?

Answer 10

• gustation

- chemicoreceptors

Question 11

Oral prep

Answer 11

• mastication
• bolus formation
• voluntary

Question 12

Oral phase

Answer 12

• velar elevation
• involuntary
• ends when bolus contacts sensory receptors

Question 13

Pharyngeal phase

Answer 13

• valves close
• laryngeal elevation
• epiglottic retroflextion
• base of tongue retraction
• reflex phase

Question 14

Esophageal phase

Answer 14

Bolus moves efficiently from the UES through the esophagus and LES through a series of peristaltic contractions

Question 15

Dysphasia

Answer 15

Impairment in chewing/ swallowing

Question 16

Swallow assessment of dysphasia.

Swallow treatment

Answer 16

• clinical/ bedside swallow evaluation
• instrumental evaluation
• behavioral strategies
• diet modification

Question 17

Videofluoroscopy (MBS)

Answer 17

• Define the abnormalities in anatomy and physiology
• identify dysphagia symptoms
• evaluated potential treatment

Question 18

Videoendoscopy (FEES)

Answer 18

-endoscopic image of pharynx

Question 19

Outer third of the outer ear

Answer 19

Cartilaginous tube

Question 20

Middle third of the outer ear

Answer 20

Bony section of the temporal bone

Question 21

Inner third of the outer ear

Answer 21

Isthmus is a narrow opening

Question 22

What are the three occicles of the middle ear?

Answer 22

Malleus, incus, and stapes

Question 23

What does the Eustachian tube do?

Answer 23

Drains fluid from middle ear when opened; articulates to nasal cavity

Question 24

Muscles of the middle ear

Answer 24

Stapedeus = stapes

Tensor typani = malleus

Question 25

Which cranial nerve runs through the middle ear?

Answer 25

CN VII

Question 26

Perilymph fluid of inner ear

Answer 26

Fills bony labyrinth

Question 27

Endolymph fluid of inner ear

Answer 27

Fills cochlear duct/ membrane

Question 28

Which cranial nerve runs through the modiolus/ helicatrema

Answer 28

CN VIII- acoustic/ auditory nerve

Question 29

What do the semicircular canals do?

Answer 29

Sensory organs for balancing, propriception, and movement

Question 30

Where is the organ of Corti?

Answer 30

Found on basilar membrane (floor of cochlear duct)

Question 31

What is the cilia and what receptor does it have?

Answer 31

- inner and outer hair cells | - mechanicoreceptors

Question 32

Afferent

Answer 32

- Cochlear and vestibular ducts translate movement of cilia to CN VIII - sensory input to brain - hearing and balance/ movement

Question 33

Efferent

Answer 33

- CV VIII also sends signal to cochlea and vestibular organs | - cilia stiffen to attenuate movement

Question 34

Eating and sound organs constitute a ______________ of sound energy

Answer 34

Transducer

Question 35

What is the auditory mechanism frequency range?

Answer 35

Around 10 octaves spanning 20-20,000Hz

Question 36

What are the 3 impedance matching mechanisms that equal a gain of 31 dB?

Answer 36

- area ration provides a 25 dB gain - level advantage provides a 2 dB gain - bucking of TM provides a 4-6 dB gain

Question 37

What does the inner ear do?

Answer 37

Performs frequency and temporal acoustic of incoming acoustical signal

Question 38

Basilar membrane shape is affected by...?

Answer 38

Frequency and intensity

Question 39

What causes excitation of outer hair cells? Inner hair cells?

Answer 39

- shearing effect on cilia | - fluid flow and endolymph turbulence

Question 40

Action potential

Answer 40

Electrical reaction resulting from difference in hair and endolymph electrical charges

Question 41

The frequency to which a neuron responds best

Answer 41

Characteristic frequency

Question 42

When can we not perceive differences in pitch?

Answer 42

At increments below 5%

Question 43

Core in the Heschl’s gyrus

Answer 43

- primary auditory area on brain | - receives input directly from medial geniculate

Question 44

Belt in the Heschl’s gyrus

Answer 44

- seems responsive to sound in space | - associated with somatosensory input and frontal visual process

Question 45

Parabelt in the Heschl’s gyrus

Answer 45

Integrated sound with visual input

Question 46

What decodes pitch/ loudness and timing of sound?

Answer 46

Dorsal superior temporal gyrus (core)

Question 47

Where are sounds integrated with phonological system?

Answer 47

Superior temporal sulcus

Question 48

What is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and how is it treated?

Answer 48

- provides patient with spinning perception that occurs suddenly relative to body position - treated by epley maneuver by moving the crystals from the ampulla to the vestibule