exam 2 - altruism and cooperation

Question 1

altruistic motivation for altruism

Answer 1

goal to improve others welfare, regardless of their consequences brought about by goal pursuit behavior (including benefits to oneself)
-“other-focus”

Question 2

egoistic motivation for altruism

Answer 2

goal to improve one’s own welfare, regardless of other consequences brought about by goal pursuit behavior (including benefits to others)
-“self-focus”

Question 3

kin selection

Answer 3

evolutionary strategy that favors the reproductive success of one’s genetic relatives, even at a cost to one’s own survival and reproduction

Question 4

reciprocal altruism

Answer 4

we help those who help us back

Question 5

negative state relief hypothesis

Answer 5

seeing someone in distress makes us feel bad

Question 6

empathic concern hypothesis

Answer 6

identifying with another person - feeling and understanding what that person is experiencing - accompanied by the intention to help the person in need

Question 7

social reward hypothesis

Answer 7

a benefit, such as praise, positive attention, something tangible, or gratitude, that may be gained from helping others and thus serves as a motive for altruistic behavior

Question 8

bystander effect

Answer 8

individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim in presence of other people

Question 9

how can we increase helping?

Answer 9

-attract attention
-make it clear that it is an emergency
-delegate responsibility by singling someone out