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exam 2 bio lab Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

equation for cellular respiration

A

C 6H12O6+6 O2 —- 6 CO2+H2O+32 ATP
glucose oxygen carbon water chemical
raw products by=products main products

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2
Q

______and _____ are process that occur in both plant and animal

A

Respiration and fermentation

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3
Q

_______ is the partial oxidation of carbohydrates or other organic molecules to two molecules of pyruvate/pyruvic acid.

A

Glycolysis

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4
Q

glycolysis can occur in the absence or presence of _____. The efficiency of respiration is related to the presence or absence of _______.

A

Oxygen
oxygen

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5
Q

____conditions require the presence of oxygen while anaerobic conditions do not have oxygen

A

Aerobic

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6
Q

In the absence of oxygen (anaerobic conditions) the pyruvate formed during glycolysis is reduced to ____and ____ in plants and microorganisms and to_____ in animals by process of ______

A

carbon dioxide
ethanol alcohol
Latic acid
fermentation

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7
Q

under ____ conditions the respiration of one molecule of glucose results in a yet yield of 32 adenosine triphosphate molecules compared to the to a net yield of only 2 molecules of ATP under ______ conditions

A

Aerobic
anarobic

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8
Q

APT is the abbreviation for ________.ATP is chemical energy our cells use.

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

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9
Q

The ____ we exhale from our lungs is one of the by-products from burning or respiring fuel by the cells of our bodies. When we exhale CO2 into limewater a _____ precipitate forms termed CHALK

A

CO2
white

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10
Q

what did you add to the limewater when you bubbled into the tube

A

CO2= carbon dioxide

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11
Q

Co2 is exhaled because it is a product of what?

A

Cellular respiration

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12
Q

is the white precipitation/chalk observed in the test tube of limewater before or after bubbling?

A

After the bubbling

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13
Q

When CO2 and water combine what do they from

A

Carbonic acid

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14
Q

when carbonic acid interacts with limewater what is produced

A

chalk

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15
Q

we see the chalk as what in the test tube after bubbling

A

cloudy white precipitation

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16
Q

seeds are activated by the uptake of water and being the process of _____ to break down and utilize the energy in stored plant starch.

A

cellular respiration

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17
Q

did they dye move in the respirometers with live seeds or dead seeds

A

live seeds

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18
Q

why is the dye moving? what is being consumed by the seeds?

A

Its moving due to cellular respiration and oxygen

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19
Q

what gas is the respirometer measuring

A

Oxygen=O2

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20
Q

what is the purpose of KOH

A

to absorb the carbon dioxide produced by the seeds.

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21
Q

why should the dye only move in the respirometers with live seeds?

A

because the seeds are actively respiring

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22
Q

the process of fermentation occurs in both _____and ____.In plants (plant-like organisms), reduction of pyruvic acid produces _____ and _______whereas animals (including humas) produce ______. Two ATP molecules are prodcued in both animal and plant fermentation.Bakers _____can be used to demostatre fermentation.

A

plant and animals
carbon dioxide
ethyl alcohol
lactic acid
yeasts

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23
Q

does the level of yeast solution change over time

A

yes

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24
Q

what is causing the fermentation displacement

A

fermentation producing

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25
what is being produced in the fermentation of tube that we observe as tiny bubbles
CO2-carbon dioxide
26
what other evidence is there that fermentation is occurring
smell of ethanol
27
what two products of fermentation that we observe with the yeast glucose solution
CO2 -carbon dioxide ethanol
28
what is the energy source for the fermentation of experiment
glucose
29
what is the heat energy source for the fermentation experiment
lamp
30
equation for photosynthesis
6 co2+h20 light/chlorophyll cc6h1206+6 02 carbon water glucose oxygen raw materials conditions main product byproduct
31
plants____ which means they make their own food
Autotrophic
32
plants undergo______ to make their own food
photosynthesis
33
which substance listed in the summary equation for photosynthesis acts as food for plants
glucose
34
plants and animals depend on each other. Plants provide animals with ____(gas) which is needed for cellular respiration. Animals provide plants ____(gas) which is needed for photosynthesis
Oxygen CO2 Carbon
35
The _____ has been identified as the site of photosynthesis
chloroplast
36
label the chloroplast
stroma is the liquid grana is the ovals
37
Photosynthesis does not occur in
animals
38
The _______reactions have an absolute requirement for light as an energy source. These reactions convert ____ energy into ___ energy and occur in the ____ or the chloroplast
light dependent light chemical grana
39
The ______ reactions use ____ energy to convert CO2 and H2O into _____. This occurs in the _____ of the chloroplast in the presence or absence of light.
light independent chemical glucose stroma
40
limiting factors of photosynthesis
carbon dioxide available water available chlorophyll temperature of chloroplast amount of light
41
what gas is produced during photosynthesis is shown in the tubes above as bubbles exiting the stem?
Oxygen
42
as the intensity of light increases does the rate of photosynthesis increase or decrease how do you know
increases the more light they more the energy they produce
43
The sodium bicarbonate solution (Na2CO3+H2O=2NaOH+CO2) provides what raw materials for _______ to occur
photosynthesis
44
what evidence is there that photosynthesis is occuring
bubbles of oxygen
45
_____ is a Ph indicator solution that exhibits a range of color changes corresponding to the different Ph values. Under acid conditions the color of phenol red solution is _____ and under basic conditions the phenol red solution changes to a _______ color
Phenol red yellow red/pink
46
phenol red added but no bubbling of CO2 yet
Neutral/basic red/pink
47
phenol red added and CO2 been bubbled in
Acidic yellow
48
photosynthesis has been occurring for 30 minutes
neutral/basic Red/pink
49
phenol red is _____ in basic/neutral conditions but it is______ in acidic conditions
red/pink yellow
50
H2O plus phenol red is what color? what is the PH of the solution?
pink/red basic/neutral
51
how do we add Co2 to the tube
bubbling in the tube
52
Once CO2 is bubbled into the H2O plus phenol red solution what color change occurs
turns yellow acidic
53
plant will use the ___ that we bubbled into the solution to undergo ______ will this cause the solution to become basic/neutral or acidic again? we know this because the solution is what color after photosynthesis has been occurring for 30 minutes
CO2= carbon dioxide photosynthesis
54
what substance is being consumed during photosynthesis_______ This will remove the CO2 from the water causing the tube to be what color.
CO2 =carbon dioxide
55
______ was developed as a technique to separate organic compounds in a mixture. The technique involves a _____ represented by the filter paper and a ____ which is a solvent mixture of petroleum ether and acetone in a 9:1 ratio
paper chromatography stationary phase moving phase
56
a ratio of the distance a compound moves relative to the distance the solvent moves is called the ____
RF value
57
pigment chlorophyll A color of pigment and colors of light absorbed
blue-green blue-red
58
pigment chlorophyll B color pf pigment and colors of light absorbed
Yellow-green blue red
59
pigment xanthophylls color of pigment and colors of light absorbed
yellow violet-blue
60
pigment carotene color of pigment and colors of light absorbed
yellow-orange violet-blue
61
state the two parts of the cell theory
cells are the structural and functional of living organisms all cells come from per-exiting cells
62
nuclear division by mitosis results in two _____which are identical (in respect to the number and genetic composition of ____ to the ______
Daughter cells chromosomes parent cell
63
The chromosomes carry the hereditary factors or___
genes
64
G1,S,G2 periods are called ___ the periods between two cell division
interphase
65
describe G1 phase
growth before DNA synthesis
66
describe S phase
DNA synthesis is when cell starting to duplicate
67
describe G2 phase
growth after DNA cell needs to grow more for the two daughters
68
what are the five main components of mitotic apparatus
chromosomes -centromere- spindle fibers- aster rays -centrioles
69
most plant cells lack in ______ and _______
aster rays centrioles
70
is interphase and cytokinesis apart from mitosis
no
71
define prophase
Random arranged chromosomes
72
define metaphase
lined in the middel
73
define anaphase
when they are spaced out
74
define telophase
when they are spaced out and pinched
75
during sexual reproduction in animals two sex cells called ______ sperm and egg fuse to make on new cell. The new ____ resulting from this fusion contains material from both parents
Gametes zygote
76
________is the study of the development of the zygote and the embryo
embryology
77
the zygote develops three kinds of activity
Mitosis movement cells differentiation of cells
78
define fertilization
sperm + egg = zygote fertilized egg resulting in nucleus no longer visible due to due fusion
79
define cleavage
zygote and early embryo divide serval time through mitosis making more cell
80
define gastrulation
pushing in occurs causing a new cavity to from
81
define organogenesis
formation of organ systems
82
define neurulation
development of nervous system
83
endoderm
inner gut gives rise to inner lining gut and organs delivered from it
84
mesoderm
intermediate (middle) muscle gives rise to muscle the organ of circulation reproduction and excretion
85
ectoderm
surface (outer) skin rise to tissues of nervous system and outer layer of integument

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