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HOE > Exam 2- Book Notes > Flashcards

Exam 2- Book Notes Flashcards

0
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of a joint

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1
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

psychological disorder in which a person drastically reduces food intake or refuses to eat at all. results in excessive weight loss

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2
Q

bulimia

A

psychological condition in which a person alternately eats excessively and then fasts or refuses to eat

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3
Q

cataract

A

condition of the eye where the lens becomes cloudy of opaque, leading to blindness

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4
Q

compensation

A

something given or received as an equivalent for loss, service or debt; defense mechanism involving substitution of one goal for another goal to achieve success

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5
Q

disease

A

any condition that interferes with the normal function of the body

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6
Q

displacement

A

defense mechanism where feelings for one person are transferred to someone else

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7
Q

dyshagia

A

difficulty in swallowing

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8
Q

dysuria

A

difficult or painful urination

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9
Q

glaucoma

A

eye disease characterized by increased intraocular pressure

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10
Q

hospice

A

program designed to provide care for the terminally ill while allowing them to die with dignity: quality over quantity

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11
Q

incontinence

A

unable to voluntarily control urination or defecation

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12
Q

living will

A

a legal document stating a person’s desires on what measures should or should not be taken to prolong life when their condition is terminal

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13
Q

ombudsman

A

specially trained individual who acts as an advocate for others to improve care or conditions

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14
Q

osteoporosis

A

condition in which bones become porous and brittle because of lack or loss of calcium, phosphorous, and other minerals

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15
Q

pacing

A

symptom of cognitive impairment, walking back and forth, causes weight loss

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16
Q

projection

A

defense mechanism in which an individual places the blame for his or her actions on someone else or circumstances

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17
Q

puberty

A

period of growth and development during which secondary sexual characteristics begin to develop

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18
Q

rationalization

A

defense mechanism involving the use of a reasonable excuse as explanation for behavior

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19
Q

reality orientation

A

activities that help promote awareness of place, time, and person

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20
Q

self-actualization

A

achieving one’s full potential

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21
Q

suppression

A

defense mechanism used by an individual who is aware of unacceptable feelings or thoughts but refuses to deal with them

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22
Q

thrombus

A

blood clot

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23
Q

withdrawl

A

defense mechanism in which an individual either ceases to communicate or physically removes self from a situation

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24
Q

7 year old children characteristics

A

muscle coordination well developed, speech skills develop, fears begin to be replaced with abilities to cope, activities by themselves, want approval of parents and friends

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25
Q

causes of alzheimers

A

genetics, too much aluminum in diet, slow growing virus

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26
Q

Alzheimer’s

A

form of dementia in which there is a gradual decline in intellectual capacities that leads to changes in personalities and in ability to perform activities of daily living

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28
Q

DNR

A

do not resuscitate: caregivers will not go to extraordinary measures to prolong life

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29
Q

Communication

A

ongoing dynamic series of events in which meaning is generated and transmitted

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30
Q

communication barriers

A

physical disabilities, psychological barriers, cultural diversity

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31
Q

Characteristics of verbal communication

A

sound, spoken, written word- vocabulary, intonation, clarity, timing, relevancy, connotative/denotative

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32
Q

Characteristics of nonverbal communication

A

80%, appearance, posture, gait, facial expressions, hand gestures, touch, space

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33
Q

factors influencing communication

A

Perceptions, values, emotions, sociocultural, knowledge, roles and relationships, environmental settings

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34
Q

factors interfering with communication

A

opinions, false reassurance, defensive, approval/disapproval, why?, changing the subject, communication barriers

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35
Q

levels of communication

A

Intrapersonal, itnterpersonal, Public

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36
Q

psychological barriers of communication

A

prejudices, attitudes, personalities, stereotypes

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37
Q

perceptions

A

linked to past experiences that begin with sensory input and is organized and interpreted within our senses that are influenced by our goals or expectations

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38
Q

communication feedback

A

determines whether communication was successful, occurs when receiver responds to the message, allows sender to evaluate how the message was interpreted

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39
Q

nonverbal behavior

A

more accurate than verbal, 80% of communication

40
Q

need for safety and security

A

need to be free from fear and anxiety, secure in environment, need for order and routine

41
Q

needs of humans

A

“lack of something that is required or desired”, physiological, safety and security, love and affection, esteem, self-actualization

42
Q

basic needs

A

physiological, needed to sustain life (ie. oxygen, water, food, sleep, protection from extreme temperatures)

43
Q

Abuse

A

willful infliction of injury, unreasonable confinement, intimidation, or punishment with resulting physical harm, pain, or anguish, or deprivation by an individual that is necessary to maintain physical, mental, and psychosocial well-being

44
Q

signs of abuse

A

unexplained injuries, fear, depression, anxiety, won’t speak in private, paranoia, confusion, clings to abuser, suicidal, low self-esteem

45
Q

domestic violence

A

attempting/threatening/causing harm to family or household member (divorced couples, living together, related, dated, minor in common, adopted)

46
Q

designation of POA or health care surrogate

A

Power Of Attorney, gains charge of finances in case of health situation

47
Q

emotional development

A

feelings and coping processes

48
Q

Social development of a 2 year old

A

frequent temper tantrums, some self-confidence, enthusiastic about learning

49
Q

Grasp reflex

A

response of infant when object is placed in the hand

50
Q

Moro reflex

A

infant response to loud noise or sudden movement

51
Q

rooting reflex

A

response to a slight touch on the cheek, in infants

52
Q

suckling reflex

A

infant response to slight touch in the lips

53
Q

sexuality needs

A

peoples feelings concerning their masculine/feminine natures and their abilities to give and receive love and affection

54
Q

sexual needs of the elderly

A

right to fulfill sexual needs and have dignity/meet needs for love and affection

55
Q

causes of suicide among teens

A

depression, grief over loss or love affair, failure in school, inability to meet expectations, lack of self-esteem, influence of suicidal teens

56
Q

mental development

A

mind development- cognitive skills, judgement calls

57
Q

5 stages of death

A

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

58
Q

psychological care of dying

A

patient has say in everything, open communication, die the way they want

59
Q

right to die

A

can’t end a life, cannot prolong against patients wishes

60
Q

causes of cognitive impairment

A

depression, anxiety, suspiciousness(schizophrenia, bi-polar), mental retardation, dementia, closed-head wound, aneurysm

61
Q

causes of temporary confusion/disorientation

A

concussion, depression, anxiety

62
Q

sundowning

A

evening causes increase of symptoms of dementia

63
Q

hoarding

A

collect unneeded items

64
Q

pillaging

A

stockpile/ hide unneeded items

65
Q

diagnosis of Alzheimer’s

A

autopsy after death, neuropsychological testing

66
Q

care of Alzheimer’s

A

routine, reality orientation, secure facility

67
Q

forms of dementia

A

acute dementia- caused by treatable conditions, Chronic-caused by permanent irreversible damage, Alzheimer’s

68
Q

infant physical development

A

tripled weight, doubled length, muscular and nervous system development(lying there to walking), teeth, improved vision, senses improve

69
Q

Growth and development

A

measurable physical changes & mental, emotional, social, and functional skills that occur over time

70
Q

social skills of children

A

recognize others, want parent approval, start developing friendships 6+

71
Q

socialization

A

to begin/ become social, interact with others, form friends

72
Q

osteomyelitis

A

bone infection caused by bacteria

73
Q

independence vs. Dependence

A

doing things yourself and keeping a regular lifestyle vs. not being able to take care of yourself or your needs

74
Q

percentage of individuals in long-term care

A

5%

75
Q

patients rights

A

good care, information on their treatments, ability to refuse treatment, privacy, confidentiality, be informed of payments and charges

76
Q

patient advocate

A

omsbudman; help improve patient care and quality

77
Q

changes in the cardiovasular(CV) system

A

heart becomes less efficient, blood vessels narrow, blood flow decreases

78
Q

confidential care

A

care where personal information is not given out except to those who need it

79
Q

behavior of older adults

A

can deal with stress, make sound judgements, bodys show signs of age, active in community/social activities, retirement

80
Q

vascular degeneration

A

blood vessels narrow & become less elastic

81
Q

Trust vs. Mistrust

A

confidence in abilities/confidentiality vs. no communication/disagreement

82
Q

time frame when physical changes occur in the elderly

A

normal, degree and rate varies

83
Q

TIA’s

A

Transient ischemic attack; mini-stroke, can cause cogntive impairment

84
Q

loneliness among elderly

A

social contacts are lost through death/moving away/retirement, encourage them to find new social activities

85
Q

loss of adipose tissue in the elderly

A

skin becomes very dry and fragile, wrinkles, sagging, loss of ability to insulate

86
Q

melanin patches

A

spotting of skin, senile lentigines(liver spots)

87
Q

memory changes of elderly

A

loss of short term memory(major loss is abnormal), longer reaction times, steady intelligence level

88
Q

middle adulthood

A

40-65 years of age

89
Q

developmental characteristics of adolescence

A

sexual development, muscle & height gain, better decision making, hormones, spontaneous decisions, aprroval from friends more than family

90
Q

developmental characteristics of early adulthood

A

girls fully developed, guys still working on it, make judgement calls, grow intellectually, develop relationships, independence

91
Q

developmental characteristics of early childhood

A

physical growth slows greatly, potty-trained, verbal advances, learning to read and write, self-confidence is set, like routine, know right & wrong, attatched to parents, dont play well with others

92
Q

Developmental characteristics of infancy

A

huge physical growth, teeth, reaction to stimuli, basic emotions, totally dependent on others for needs

93
Q

Developmental characteristics of late adulthood

A

body begins to fail, mental state varies, loss of family and home, loss of independence

94
Q

Developmental characteristics of late childhood

A

slower physical growth, love physical activity, better coordination, improved speech, more active memory, become sexual, self-concept/identity develops, easier to make friends, parental approval still needed + friends

95
Q

Developmental characteristics of middle adulthood

A

slow physical decline, intellect grows, confidence in decisions, problem solving skills, focus goes from work to family

HOE (11 decks)

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