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Exam 2- Book Notes Flashcards

0
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of a joint

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1
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

psychological disorder in which a person drastically reduces food intake or refuses to eat at all. results in excessive weight loss

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2
Q

bulimia

A

psychological condition in which a person alternately eats excessively and then fasts or refuses to eat

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3
Q

cataract

A

condition of the eye where the lens becomes cloudy of opaque, leading to blindness

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4
Q

compensation

A

something given or received as an equivalent for loss, service or debt; defense mechanism involving substitution of one goal for another goal to achieve success

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5
Q

disease

A

any condition that interferes with the normal function of the body

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6
Q

displacement

A

defense mechanism where feelings for one person are transferred to someone else

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7
Q

dyshagia

A

difficulty in swallowing

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8
Q

dysuria

A

difficult or painful urination

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9
Q

glaucoma

A

eye disease characterized by increased intraocular pressure

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10
Q

hospice

A

program designed to provide care for the terminally ill while allowing them to die with dignity: quality over quantity

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11
Q

incontinence

A

unable to voluntarily control urination or defecation

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12
Q

living will

A

a legal document stating a person’s desires on what measures should or should not be taken to prolong life when their condition is terminal

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13
Q

ombudsman

A

specially trained individual who acts as an advocate for others to improve care or conditions

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14
Q

osteoporosis

A

condition in which bones become porous and brittle because of lack or loss of calcium, phosphorous, and other minerals

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15
Q

pacing

A

symptom of cognitive impairment, walking back and forth, causes weight loss

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16
Q

projection

A

defense mechanism in which an individual places the blame for his or her actions on someone else or circumstances

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17
Q

puberty

A

period of growth and development during which secondary sexual characteristics begin to develop

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18
Q

rationalization

A

defense mechanism involving the use of a reasonable excuse as explanation for behavior

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19
Q

reality orientation

A

activities that help promote awareness of place, time, and person

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20
Q

self-actualization

A

achieving one’s full potential

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21
Q

suppression

A

defense mechanism used by an individual who is aware of unacceptable feelings or thoughts but refuses to deal with them

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22
Q

thrombus

A

blood clot

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23
Q

withdrawl

A

defense mechanism in which an individual either ceases to communicate or physically removes self from a situation

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24
7 year old children characteristics
muscle coordination well developed, speech skills develop, fears begin to be replaced with abilities to cope, activities by themselves, want approval of parents and friends
25
causes of alzheimers
genetics, too much aluminum in diet, slow growing virus
26
Alzheimer's
form of dementia in which there is a gradual decline in intellectual capacities that leads to changes in personalities and in ability to perform activities of daily living
28
DNR
do not resuscitate: caregivers will not go to extraordinary measures to prolong life
29
Communication
ongoing dynamic series of events in which meaning is generated and transmitted
30
communication barriers
physical disabilities, psychological barriers, cultural diversity
31
Characteristics of verbal communication
sound, spoken, written word- vocabulary, intonation, clarity, timing, relevancy, connotative/denotative
32
Characteristics of nonverbal communication
80%, appearance, posture, gait, facial expressions, hand gestures, touch, space
33
factors influencing communication
Perceptions, values, emotions, sociocultural, knowledge, roles and relationships, environmental settings
34
factors interfering with communication
opinions, false reassurance, defensive, approval/disapproval, why?, changing the subject, communication barriers
35
levels of communication
Intrapersonal, itnterpersonal, Public
36
psychological barriers of communication
prejudices, attitudes, personalities, stereotypes
37
perceptions
linked to past experiences that begin with sensory input and is organized and interpreted within our senses that are influenced by our goals or expectations
38
communication feedback
determines whether communication was successful, occurs when receiver responds to the message, allows sender to evaluate how the message was interpreted
39
nonverbal behavior
more accurate than verbal, 80% of communication
40
need for safety and security
need to be free from fear and anxiety, secure in environment, need for order and routine
41
needs of humans
"lack of something that is required or desired", physiological, safety and security, love and affection, esteem, self-actualization
42
basic needs
physiological, needed to sustain life (ie. oxygen, water, food, sleep, protection from extreme temperatures)
43
Abuse
willful infliction of injury, unreasonable confinement, intimidation, or punishment with resulting physical harm, pain, or anguish, or deprivation by an individual that is necessary to maintain physical, mental, and psychosocial well-being
44
signs of abuse
unexplained injuries, fear, depression, anxiety, won't speak in private, paranoia, confusion, clings to abuser, suicidal, low self-esteem
45
domestic violence
attempting/threatening/causing harm to family or household member (divorced couples, living together, related, dated, minor in common, adopted)
46
designation of POA or health care surrogate
Power Of Attorney, gains charge of finances in case of health situation
47
emotional development
feelings and coping processes
48
Social development of a 2 year old
frequent temper tantrums, some self-confidence, enthusiastic about learning
49
Grasp reflex
response of infant when object is placed in the hand
50
Moro reflex
infant response to loud noise or sudden movement
51
rooting reflex
response to a slight touch on the cheek, in infants
52
suckling reflex
infant response to slight touch in the lips
53
sexuality needs
peoples feelings concerning their masculine/feminine natures and their abilities to give and receive love and affection
54
sexual needs of the elderly
right to fulfill sexual needs and have dignity/meet needs for love and affection
55
causes of suicide among teens
depression, grief over loss or love affair, failure in school, inability to meet expectations, lack of self-esteem, influence of suicidal teens
56
mental development
mind development- cognitive skills, judgement calls
57
5 stages of death
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
58
psychological care of dying
patient has say in everything, open communication, die the way they want
59
right to die
can't end a life, cannot prolong against patients wishes
60
causes of cognitive impairment
depression, anxiety, suspiciousness(schizophrenia, bi-polar), mental retardation, dementia, closed-head wound, aneurysm
61
causes of temporary confusion/disorientation
concussion, depression, anxiety
62
sundowning
evening causes increase of symptoms of dementia
63
hoarding
collect unneeded items
64
pillaging
stockpile/ hide unneeded items
65
diagnosis of Alzheimer's
autopsy after death, neuropsychological testing
66
care of Alzheimer's
routine, reality orientation, secure facility
67
forms of dementia
acute dementia- caused by treatable conditions, Chronic-caused by permanent irreversible damage, Alzheimer's
68
infant physical development
tripled weight, doubled length, muscular and nervous system development(lying there to walking), teeth, improved vision, senses improve
69
Growth and development
measurable physical changes & mental, emotional, social, and functional skills that occur over time
70
social skills of children
recognize others, want parent approval, start developing friendships 6+
71
socialization
to begin/ become social, interact with others, form friends
72
osteomyelitis
bone infection caused by bacteria
73
independence vs. Dependence
doing things yourself and keeping a regular lifestyle vs. not being able to take care of yourself or your needs
74
percentage of individuals in long-term care
5%
75
patients rights
good care, information on their treatments, ability to refuse treatment, privacy, confidentiality, be informed of payments and charges
76
patient advocate
omsbudman; help improve patient care and quality
77
changes in the cardiovasular(CV) system
heart becomes less efficient, blood vessels narrow, blood flow decreases
78
confidential care
care where personal information is not given out except to those who need it
79
behavior of older adults
can deal with stress, make sound judgements, bodys show signs of age, active in community/social activities, retirement
80
vascular degeneration
blood vessels narrow & become less elastic
81
Trust vs. Mistrust
confidence in abilities/confidentiality vs. no communication/disagreement
82
time frame when physical changes occur in the elderly
normal, degree and rate varies
83
TIA's
Transient ischemic attack; mini-stroke, can cause cogntive impairment
84
loneliness among elderly
social contacts are lost through death/moving away/retirement, encourage them to find new social activities
85
loss of adipose tissue in the elderly
skin becomes very dry and fragile, wrinkles, sagging, loss of ability to insulate
86
melanin patches
spotting of skin, senile lentigines(liver spots)
87
memory changes of elderly
loss of short term memory(major loss is abnormal), longer reaction times, steady intelligence level
88
middle adulthood
40-65 years of age
89
developmental characteristics of adolescence
sexual development, muscle & height gain, better decision making, hormones, spontaneous decisions, aprroval from friends more than family
90
developmental characteristics of early adulthood
girls fully developed, guys still working on it, make judgement calls, grow intellectually, develop relationships, independence
91
developmental characteristics of early childhood
physical growth slows greatly, potty-trained, verbal advances, learning to read and write, self-confidence is set, like routine, know right & wrong, attatched to parents, dont play well with others
92
Developmental characteristics of infancy
huge physical growth, teeth, reaction to stimuli, basic emotions, totally dependent on others for needs
93
Developmental characteristics of late adulthood
body begins to fail, mental state varies, loss of family and home, loss of independence
94
Developmental characteristics of late childhood
slower physical growth, love physical activity, better coordination, improved speech, more active memory, become sexual, self-concept/identity develops, easier to make friends, parental approval still needed + friends
95
Developmental characteristics of middle adulthood
slow physical decline, intellect grows, confidence in decisions, problem solving skills, focus goes from work to family

HOE (11 decks)

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