Exam 3- Book Notes Flashcards
1
Q
3 ingredients needed for fire
A
oxygen, fuel, heat
2
Q
absorption
A
act or process of sucking up or in; taking in of nutrients
3
Q
acetic spill clean up
A
remove ignition sources, use gloves- wipe up with paper towels
4
Q
activity during a fire
A
remain calm- do not panic RACE R- rescue anyone in immediate danger A- Activate the alarm C- Contain/confine fire E- Extinguish
5
Q
aerobic
A
pathogens that need oxygen to survive
6
Q
AIDS
A
HIV- diagnosed 1982, didn’t know what it was until 1985-6ish
weakened immune system- opportunistic diseases more common
7
Q
Amino Acids
A
basic component of proteins, 22 of them
8
Q
Anaerobic
A
pathogens that do not need oxygen
9
Q
antibiotics
A
used to kill bacteria, some bacteria become resistant
10
Q
antioxidants
A
enzymes or organic molecules; help protect the body from harmful chemicals called free radicals
11
Q
antisepsis
A
aseptic control that inhibits, retards growth of, or kills pathogenic organisms; not effective against spores or viruses
12
Q
asepsis
A
being free from infection
13
Q
autoclave is good for how long?
A
30 days
14
Q
bacilli
A
rod-shaped bacteria
15
Q
basal metabolic rate
A
amount of energy needed to maintain life when the subject is at complete rest
16
Q
best reservoir
A
warm, dark, moist
17
Q
bile production
A
produced by the pancreas, contains enzymes that break down food chemically
18
Q
bird flu
A
caused by a virus, H5N1, rare in people
19
Q
bland diet
A
easily digested foods that do not irrtate the digestive tract- ulcers, colitis, digestive diseases
20
Q
body fluids
A
reproductive, blood, saliva, mucosal fluids…
21
Q
body mechanics
A
the way in which the body moves and maintains balance; proper body mechanics involves the most efficient use of all body parts
22
Q
border of sterile field
A
2 inch area around sterile field- considered contaminated
23
Q
broad base of support?
A
yes, shoulder-width
24
Q
calorie controlled diet
A
LOW CALORIE used for patients who are overweight avoid or limit high-calorie diets HIGH CALORIE used for patients who are underweight, anorexia nervosa cancer hyperthyroidism want to increase muscle mass high protein diet
25
calories per essential nutrients
Carbohydrates and Proteins- 4 calories/gram
| Fats- 9 calories/gram
26
chain of infection
infectious agent->resverior->portal of exit->modes->portal of entry-> host->infectious.....
27
chemical cleaning
used on instruments that do not penetrate skin, high alcohol content + bleach + formaldehyde + germicide
articles are submerged
28
chemical digestion
begins in the mouth with the saliva
helps break down starches and carbs
stomach- little bit of CL
small intestine- uses pancreatic juice
29
chemical disinfection
used on instruments that do not penetrate skin, high alcohol content + bleach + formaldehyde + germicide
articles are submerged
30
cholesterol
fatlike substance synthesized in the liver and found in body cells and animal fats
31
Clean
free from organisms causing disease
32
contact precautions
patients with epidemiologically(capable of spreading rapidly) diseases, private room, gloves, gown, regular disinfection of surroundings
33
contamination of health care worker
try to avoid, clothes are considered infected
34
contaminated
containing infection or infectious organisms or germs
35
damaged equipment
do not use! dispose properly
36
define a N-95 or P-100
respirators, used in Airborne precautions
37
definition of organic compounds
any chemical compound containing carbon
38
diabetic diet
used with any type 1 or type 2 diabetic
Exchange lists are used to choose foods
cut carbs
avoid sugar-heavy foods
39
disaster policies
depend on the facility- tornado, earthquake...
40
digestion
physical and chemical breakdown of food by the body in preparation for absorption
41
diseases caused by virus
common cold, mumps, measles, chicken pox, herpes, warts, influenza, polio, HIV, West Nile, smallpox, bird flu, Hepatitis B & C
42
disinfection
aseptic-control method that destroys pathogens but usually does not kill spores or viruses
43
dry heat cleaning
high temp for long period, good method for corrosive objects, no rubber goods
44
Etiology
the study of the cause of a disease
45
electrical safety
do not use frayed or damaged electrical cords
| cannot use multiple outlet thingies or extension cords
46
endogenous
infection or disease originating within the body
47
ergonomics
applied science used to promote the safety and wellbeing of a person by adapting the environment and using techniques to prevent injuries
48
exogenous
infection or disease originating outside or external to the body
49
fat-restricted diet
```
also called low-fat/cholesterol
uses:
gallbladder and liver disease
obesity
certain heart diseases
```
50
fire drill
practice in event of actual fire- follow real steps
51
forming of food habits
formed in childhood, often from family memers, hard/long process to change
52
fungi
group of simple plant-like animals that live on dead organic matter
53
glove usage
contact with blood, body fluids, secretions, extractions, mucous membranes, tissue specimens, nonintact skin
handling/cleaning contaminated objects
wash hands before and after
54
hantavirus
a virus spread by contact with rodents or their excretions
55
high calorie diet
```
used for patients who are underweight,
anorexia nervosa
cancer
hyperthyroidism
want to increase muscle mass
high protein diet
```
56
high density lipoprotein
"good cholesterol", remove bad cholesterol from the bloodstream
57
high protein diet
protein-rich foods- meats, fish, milk, cheese, eggs
| children and adolescents for additional growth, pregnant or lactating women, surgery, burns, fevers, infections
58
host
hold the microorganism, usually human or animal
59
human energy comes from where?
absorbtion of nutrients measured in kilocalories- mostly carbohydrates and protiens
60
idiopathic
without recognizable cause- self-originating
61
importance of water
```
65% of body made of water
properties of water-
basic transporter
anything/everything is transported in water
universal solvent
stable liquid
90% of plasma made of water
natural lubricant
```
62
infectious agent
```
Bacteria-
most numerous, single cell organism
live in anything that provides nourishment
e.g.- mersa
superbugs- cannot be treated with antibiotics
Viruses-
living organisms, must be maintained within living environment, contain genetic material
no treatment/ or VERY expensive
cannot be replicated or studied
HIV- diagnosed 1982, didn't know what it was until 1985-6ish
Fungi-
yeast infections
immune suppressed patients
thrush(white cottage cheese in gums and cheeks)
mouth so sore they cant eat
weight loss
Rickettsiae-
parasitic
ticks, fleas
Protozoa-
living organisms
bugs, amoeba,...
Helminths-
worms
from untreated animals
```
63
lipids in body
maintain body temp
cushion major organs
allow you to absorb vitamins and minerals
64
low-cholesterol diet
restricts high in saturated fats
65
low-protein diet
limits food high in protein
66
low-residue diet
limits indigestibles, e.g. raw fruits and veggies
67
mechanical digestion
use of mastication(chewing)
Peristalsis- wave like contraction of smooth muscle
way things move down the esophagus-
lots of things use this movement
68
metabolism
use of food nutrients by the body to produce energy
69
mode of transmission
```
way the pathogen is carried
Direct Contact-
infected host comes in contact with another individual
Indirect-
infected host comes in contact with an inanimate object- object comes in contact with another person
Doorhandles, pencils, needles.....
Air-
common cold, flu...
Vectors-
insects, animals
Vehicle-
contaminated blood, food thats not cooked properly, un-purified water...
```
70
needle precautions
be careful, disposed unbroken in sharps container
71
needle stick Safety and Prevention Act
2000, Congress, identify and use effective and safer medical devices, incorporate changes in annual update of exposure control plan, maintain sharps injury log, solicit input from non managerial employees who are responsible for direct patient care
72
normal flora
normal microorganisms that keep the body working
73
nosocomial
pertaining to or originating in a health care facility such as a hospital
74
nutrition
all body processes related to food; the body's use of food for growth, development, and health
75
opportunistic
an infection that occurs when the body's immune system cannot defend itself from pathogens normally found in the environment
76
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) -- Division of the Department of Labor
77
OSHA regulations
Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals Standard
requires employers to inform employees of all chemicals and hazards in the workplace
Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS)- hazardous products
specific information must be provided on the MSDS
training for employees
Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
78
osteoporosis
condition in which bones become porous and brittle because of lack or loss of calcium, phosphorus and other minerals
79
parasitic microorganisms
rickettsiae
80
PASS
PASS- Pull pin, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep
81
Pathogens
disease-producing organisms
82
portal of entry
```
same as Portal of Exit- way pathogen is carried out of body
Skin- biggest portal of exit
mucous membranes
Respiratory-
sneezing
talking
coughing
breathing
Digestive-
reverse peristalsis- vomit
saliva
kissing
bile
stool
Urine-
Reproductive-
semen
vaginal fluids
breast milk
Blood
```
83
portal of exit
```
Portal of Exit- way pathogen is carried out of body
Skin- biggest portal of exit
mucous membranes
Respiratory-
sneezing
talking
coughing
breathing
Digestive-
reverse peristalsis- vomit
saliva
kissing
bile
stool
Urine-
Reproductive-
semen
vaginal fluids
breast milk
Blood
```
84
PPE when and what do you wear?
contact with fluids, communicable diseases- gloves, gown, mask...
85
principles of body mechanics
good body mechanics prevents strain
muscles work best when used correctly
correct use of muscles makes lifting pulling and pushing easier
prevents unnecessary fatigue and saves energy
Prevents injury to self and others
86
protozoa
microscopic, one-celled animals often found in decayed materials and contaminated water
87
RACE
R- rescue anyone in immediate danger
A- Activate the alarm
C- Contain/confine fire
E- Extinguish
88
reading labels on solutions
Three times..... just make sure its the right one
89
religion's influence on diet
```
religious-
Hinduism
Jews-
kosher
Muslim-
no alcohol
fasts once a week
geographical-
some areas carry different lifestyle menus more easily than others
```
90
reservoir
```
Reservoir- place that allows growth of pathogen
Needs-
Food requirements
oxygen
Aerobic- needs freestanding oxygen
anaerobic- do not need oxygen
much harder to treat
water
PH
light or darkness
Temperature
```
91
rickettsiae
parasitic microorganisms that live on other living organisms- ticks, fleas...
92
risk factors associated with obesity
higher chance of heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, diabetes...
93
risk factors for nosocomial infections
longer you are in a health care setting- more likely
number of health care workers you come in contact with- more likely
stethescope
number of invasive procedures
94
role of nutrition
```
Physical-
carbs- short term(2hrs), protein- 4hrs, fats-6hrs
Mental-
"in the zone"
good meal-positive mood swings
Social-
eating is "social"
Emotional-
bigger BMI- higher risk of suicide
```
95
safety glasses
procedures that may produce spashes or sprays of blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions, cleaned and dininfected after
96
solution guidelines
read directions completely, check to make sure you have the correct solution, don't touch with bare skin!, don't mix!
97
sources of proteins
meat, nuts, milk, some vegetables
98
spirilla
spiral and corkscrew shaped bacteria
99
stages of illness
```
incubation period-
time from when the infectious agent enters body to first sign and symptoms
no signs and symptoms
prodromal-
early signs and symptoms
not specific
full stage-
all signs and symptoms present
e.g.- spots in chicken pox
convalescence-
death/rehab/longterm care/getting better
```
100
standard precautions origins
1987 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
101
steam cleaning
autoclave- steam forced downward around bundles
102
sterile field transfer
drop, mitten, transfer forceps- do not reach across field, do not allow field to become wet
103
sterile technique
ways to prevent contamination of sterile objects
104
ultrasonic cleaning
sound waves used to produce microscopic bubbles in cleaning solution, bubble explode onn contact with object(cavitation), not sterilization
105
vaccine for bioterrism
depends on agent used, first responders+ vaccinated first/ soldiers
106
viruses
living organisms, must be maintained within living environment, contain genetic material
no treatment/ or VERY expensive
cannot be replicated or studied
107
what are your strong muscle groups?
BUTT!!!!!!!
108
what are Cilia
hairlike projections, move food down digestive tract
109
Who do we use standard precautions on?
all patients!
110
what is Cocci?
spherical shaped bacterium
