Exam 2: Carbohydrates

Question 1

What elements make up carbohydrates?

Answer 1

C, H, O

Question 2

What is the atom ratio in carbohydrates?

Answer 2

Cn(H2O)n

Question 3

What are the monomers of carbohydrates?

Answer 3

Monosaccharides

Question 4

What is the difference between glucose and fructose?

Answer 4

Same molecular formula, but glucose is a 6 member ring while fructose is 5 member

Question 5

What are the names for monosaccharides with 3, 4, 5, and 6 carbons?

Answer 5

triose, tetrose, pentose, hexose

Question 6

What structures do carbohydrate molecules take on and prefer?

Answer 6

They can exist as straight chains or rings, but ring structures are more common b/c they mare more stable as rings in water

Question 7

What connects monosaccharides?

Answer 7

Glycosidic linkages

Question 8

How do glycosidic linkages form?

Answer 8

Dehydration synthesis, between the OH groups

Question 9

Starch

Answer 9

energy storage in plant cells

Question 10

Glycogen

Answer 10

energy storage in animal cells

Question 11

Cellulose

Answer 11

plant cell walls

Question 12

Chitin

Answer 12

exoskeleton

Question 13

Peptidoglycan

Answer 13

bacterial cell walls

Question 14

3 functions of polysaccharides

Answer 14

1. Energy storage
2. Structure
3. Cell identity

Question 15

What are GAGs used for?

Answer 15

Mucus and external surface of cell membrane

Question 16

What are proteoglycans?

Answer 16

GAGs attached to core proteins

Question 17

What do proteoglycans do?

Answer 17

Provide gel-like squishiness and lubrication; critical components of extracellular matrix

Question 18

What are glycoproteins?

Answer 18

Carbohydrates attached to polypeptides

Question 19

Which function of carbohydrates are glycoproteins used in?

Answer 19

Cell identity, they display information on the outer surface of the cell