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Bio 131 > Exam 3: Cell-cell interactions (Class 1) > Flashcards

Exam 3: Cell-cell interactions (Class 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What is an emergent property?

A

A property that a collection/complex system has, but the individual members do not have

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2
Q

What is epithelial tissue?

A

A sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity

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3
Q

In order for multicellularity to occur…

A

cells have to be bound together

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4
Q

Sequence of connections in the epithelium

A

Epithelial tissue –> basal lamina –> connective tissue

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5
Q

What bears the stresses of tension and compression

A

The extracellular matrix

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6
Q

What transmits stresses from cell to cell

A

Cytoskeletal filaments anchored to cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion sites

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7
Q

What is the condition where mutations in proteins cause epithelia to not adhere to the basal lamina?

A

Epidermolysis Bullosa

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8
Q

3 types of cell-cell attachments

A
  1. tight junctions
  2. desmosomes
  3. gap junctions
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9
Q

Function of tight junctions

A

seal cells together

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10
Q

Function of desmosomes

A

connect the cytoskeletons of cells

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11
Q

Function of gap junctions

A

act as channels between cells

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12
Q

What are tight junctions composed of

A

Specialized proteins

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13
Q

Where are tight junctions located

A

In the plasma membranes of adjacent animal cells

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14
Q

How do the proteins in tight junctions orient themselves?

A

They line up and bind to each other

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15
Q

Where do the proteins in tight junctions bind?

A

Between the two plasma membranes

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16
Q

What does the stitching of the two cells in tight junctions form?

A

A watertight seal

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17
Q

Which types of tissues are desmosomes common in?

A

Epithelial and muscle

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18
Q

What do the proteins of desmosomes bind to? (2 answers)

A
  1. to each other
  2. to proteins that anchor intermediate filaments
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19
Q

What are the adhesion proteins in desmosomes?

A

Cadherins

20
Q

What is selective adhesion in adult cells?

A

The way that adult cells attach to each other selectively, attach to the same kind of cell

21
Q

What are plant cells connected by?

A

Plasmodesmata

22
Q

In animal tissues, how do gap junctions connect adjacent cells?

A

Forming channels

23
Q

What five things bind adjacent cells to each other?

A
  1. middle lamella
  2. continuous ecm
  3. tight junctions
  4. desmosomes
  5. cadherins
24
Q

What allows adjacent plant cells to communicate?

A

Plasmodesmata

25
Q

What allows adjacent animal cells to communicate?

A

Gap junctions

26
Q

What tissue in the human body needs gap junctions, desmosomes, and tight junctions?

A

Cardiac tissue

27
Q

What is decellularization?

A

Removal of cells to isolate the extracellular matrix scaffold

28
Q

What makes up the ECM? (3 things)

A
  1. GAGs
  2. Proteoglycans
  3. Fibrous proteins
29
Q

What are the 4 types of fibrous proteins to know?

A
  1. Laminin
  2. Fibronectin
  3. Collagens
  4. Elastin
30
Q

What is the function of GAGs?

A

Gel-like squishiness and protection

31
Q

GAGs are highly ____ charged

A

negatively

32
Q

What are proteoglycans?

A

A polysaccharide (GAG) + a core protein

33
Q

What is the function of laminin and fibronectin

A

Connect cells to the ECM and organize components in the ECM

34
Q

What are the functions of collagens

A

Provides tensile strength

35
Q

What is the function of elastin

A

Stretch and recoil

36
Q

What is the sequence of how things are attached from cytoskeleton to ECM?

A

Actin –> integrin –> fibronectins –> collagen

37
Q

What is the cell wall made of?

A

Long strands of cellulose

38
Q

What are the long strands of cellulose in the cell wall bundled into?

A

Microfibrils

39
Q

What do the microfibrils in the cell wall form?

A

A crisscrossed network

40
Q

What are the two types of cell walls?

A

Primary and secondary

41
Q

Where is the primary cell wall?

A

Between newly made cells

42
Q

The primary cell wall is __ and __

A

Thin and flexible

43
Q

What is the primary cell wall mainly made of?

A

Cellulose

44
Q

What keeps the primary cell wall moist?

A

Pectins and glycans

45
Q

Which cell wall defines the shape of the cell?

A

Primary

46
Q

Where is the secondary cell wall?

A

Between the plasma membrane and the primary cell wall

47
Q

What are the three layers between adjacent plant cells?

A
  1. primary cell wall of one plant cell
  2. middle lamella
  3. primary cell wall of the other plant cell

Bio 131 (25 decks)

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