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Nutrtion 1 > Exam 2 Chapter 4 Digestion and Absoprtion > Flashcards

Exam 2 Chapter 4 Digestion and Absoprtion Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

What is the order of an Atom to Organism?

A

Chemical Level, Cell level, Tissue Level, Organ level, Organ system, Organism

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2
Q

Digestive System Function

A

performs the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion of food through the absorption of nutrients and elimination of waste

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3
Q

Nervous System Function

A

controls movements and physiological and intellectual functions

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4
Q

Cardiovascular system function

A

transports nutrients and waste products, hormones and gases throughout the body, carries blood and regulates blood supply

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5
Q

Endocrine System function

A

regulates metabolism, growth, reproduction and other stuff by releasing hormones

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6
Q

Lymphatic and immune system function

A

L: aid in fluid balance , fat absorption, transport and immune functions

I: protects against microorganisms and foreign bodies

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7
Q

Urinary system Function

A

Removes waste products from the blood and forms urine

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8
Q

Integumentary system function

A

prevents water loss, protects the body, regulates body temperature, produces vitamin d

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9
Q

Skeletal system function

A

protects organs, support body weight, allows body movement, produces blood cells and stores minerals

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10
Q

Respiratory system function

A

Exchanges gases between the blood and the air, regulates PH balance

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11
Q

Muscular system function

A

produces body movement, propels food in the digestive tract

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12
Q

Reproductive system function

A

process of sexual maturation and reproduction

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13
Q

Digestion

A

Process of breaking down foods into a form the body can use

Through Mechanical and Chemical

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14
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

the physical breakdown of food

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15
Q

chemical digestion

A

enzymatic reactions that break down large food molecules

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16
Q

Absorption

A

Uptake of nutrients from the GI tract into the blood or lymph

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17
Q

Elimination

A

fecal elimination of waste products

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18
Q

Digestion system is controlled by?

A

Hormones and nervous system

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19
Q

What is Sucrose made of?

A

Glucose bonded to Fructose

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20
Q

What is Enzyme function

A

1: Starting Material is Sucrose
2: Sucrose binds to the enzyme
3: The newly bound sucrose to the enzyme gives stress to on the glucose-fructose bond and the bond breaks
4: Enzyme is free, glucose and fructose are released

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21
Q

What is the flow of the digestive tract?

A

Mouth & Salivary Glands, Esophagus, Stomach, (Pancreas, Liver , Gallbladder,) Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Rectum, Anus

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22
Q

*Lower Esophageal sphincter function

A

Prevent backflow (reflux) of stomach contents into the esophagus

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23
Q

*Pyloric Sphincter function

A

Controls the flow of stomach contents in the small intestine, relaxes during meal to allow bile and pancreatic juices into small intestine

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24
Q

*Sphincter of Oddi

A

Controls the flow of bile from the common bile duct into the small intestine

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25
*Ileocecal Sphincter
prevents the contents of the large intestine from reentering into the small intestine
26
*Anal sphincter
prevent defecation until person desires to
27
* What are the major organs of digestion
Salivary Glands, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small intestine, Large intestine, Rectum
28
* What are the accessery digestive organs
liver, gallbladder, pancreas
29
*Liver
``` Produces bile Enterohepatic circulation (recycling of bile) ```
30
*Gallbladder
Bile Storage and release | breaks down fat into smaller fat gobules
31
*Pancreas
Produces sodium bicarbinate Pancreatic Enzymes: lipase, protease and pancreatic amylase
32
What are the 4 layers of the GI Tract
Serosa, Muscle, Submucosa, Mucosa
33
What does the serosa layer do in the GI Tract
Outside layer that protects the tract
34
What does the muscle layer do in the GI Tract
move food forward
35
What does the submucosa layer do in the GI tract
contains blood vessels carrying nutrients, glands
36
What does the mucosa layer of the GI tract do
innermost layer= hollow | not smooth= folds increase surface area
37
*Peristalsis
wave of CONTRACTION and relaxation, moves content through the intestinal tract towards the anus
38
*Segmentation
BACK AND FORTH MOVEMENT in small intestine, increasingly smaller pieces, mix with intestinal juices
39
Food mixed with saliva becomes
bolus
40
Saliva contains
Lysozyme, mucus, amylase enzyme, lingual lipase
41
Lysozyme
break down bacteria
42
Mucus of saliva
lubricate and hold bolus together
43
Amylase enzyme
break down starch
44
Lingual lipase
fat digesting enzyme produced mainly during infancy
45
Taste buds on the tongue and soft palate detect 5 tastes
Salty, Sour, Sweet, Bitter, Umami (savory)
46
olfactory glands
sense of smell enhances taste, especially when chewing
47
Epiglottis
prevents food from lodging in the trachea by covering the larynx
48
Swallowing process
a) Bolus of food is pushed by the tongue against hard palate and then moves towards the larynx b) as bolus moves into pharynx, epiglottis closes over larynx c) Esophageal muscle contractions push bolus toward stomach. Epiglottis returns to normal position
49
*Gastric Lipase
fat digesting enzyme | predominant in infants
50
*Stomach secretions of mucus
protects the stomach from being digested (released by chief cells)
51
*HCL Hydrochloric Acid
``` Ph is 1 released by parietal cells destroys bacteria and viruses aids in mineral absorption converts pepsinogen into pepsin involved in B12 absorption ```
52
*Gastrin
Hormone that controls the release of HCL and pepsinogen | highest at the beginning of the meal and then decreases
53
*How long is Duodenum
10 inches long
54
*How long is Jejunum
4 feet long
55
*How long is ilium
5 feet long
56
*Total length of the small intestine
10 feet
57
Types of Absorption in small intestine
Passive, Active, Facilitated, Endocytosis
58
Passive absorption in the small intestine
Absorption of nutrients across the intestinal membrane from a higher concentration to a lower concentration ducky to concentration gradient
59
Active absorption in the small intestine
against the concentration gradient | lower concentration to higher + carrier + energy
60
Facilitated absorption in the small intestine
high concentration to lower + carrier protein
61
Endocytosis absorption in the small intestine
engulfment and release phagocytosis : solids pinocytosis: liquids
62
*Total length of the large intestine
3 and 1/2 feet
63
Fecal contents can stay in rectum for
72 hours or longer
64
*Digestive function of Mouth and salivary glands
``` chew food perceive taste moisten food with saliva lubricate food with mucus release starch- digesting (amylase) enzyme initiate swallowing reflex ```
65
*Digestive function of Esophagus
lubricate with mucus | move food to stomach by peristalsis waves (swallowing)
66
*Irritable Bowl syndrome
Cause unknown High sensitivity to abdominal pain -effects large intestine
67
*Ulcerative Colitis
inflammation and ulceration of the innermost layer of the large intestine
68
*Crohn's disease
inflammation and ulceration of all layers in any part of GI tract (most common ilium), ascending colon
69
*Inflammatory bowl disease types
Types Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's disease
70
*Symptoms of inflammatory bowl disease
rectal bleeding, diharrrea (6 or more bowl movements a day) abdominal pain, weight loss and fever
71
*Nutrition concern in inflammatory bowl disease
Anemia due to blood loss, osteoporosis if malabsorption in Crohn’s Protein-calorie malnutrition due to poor intake, infection, post surgery

Nutrtion 1 (2 decks)

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