Exam 2 Chapter 5 Carbs

Question 1

*How are carbohydrates classified?

Answer 1

Simple and Complex

Question 2

Simple carbohydrates

Answer 2

(Sugars)

Monosaccharides and Disaccharides

Question 3

Complex carbohydrates

Answer 3

(Starch and fiber)
polysaccharide
-Typically contains many glucose molecules linked together -

Question 4

*Monosaccharides

Answer 4

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
One sugar

Question 5

Disaccaride

Answer 5

Maltose
Sucrose
Lactose

Question 6

Maltose

Answer 6

Glucose + glucose

Question 7

Sucrose

Answer 7

Glucose + fructose

Question 8

Lactose

Answer 8

glucose + galactose

Question 9

*What causes Ketosis

Answer 9

1) inadequate carb intake (less than 50-100grams/day) which results in a drop in insulin levels
2) Increase in fatty acid release from adipose tissue
3) Fatty acids flood liver, broken down to Acetyl-CoA
- Ketones are made if not enough carbs are ingested

Question 10

High Fructose Corn Syrup

Answer 10

corn starch converted to 50/50 glucose and fructose by glucose isomerse
Increases abdominal fat lowers HDLs

Question 11

Polysaccarides

Answer 11

long chains of glucose molecules

Question 12

Constipation

Answer 12

Can be caused by and treated by
inadequate fluid intake
inadequate insoluble fiber intake
inadequate exercise
ignoring the urge to move your bowls

Question 13

Constipation can lead to

Answer 13

diverticulosis and diverticulitis

Question 14

Diverticulosis

Answer 14

pockets within the large intestine

Question 15

Diverticulitis

Answer 15

pockets can become inflamed and can break releasing bacteria into blood circulation

Question 16

Insoluble Fiber health benefits

Answer 16

Decreases intestinal transit time
decrease CONSTIPATION and hemorrhoids
lowers risk for colon cancer
lowers risk for DIVERTICULAR disease

Question 17

Soluble fiber health benefits

Answer 17

Lowers blood cholesterol levels
delays gastric emptying
decreases blood glucose levels
healthy microflora

Question 18

Insoluble Fiber food sources

Answer 18

whole grains, seeds of fruits, skins of fruits an vegetables

Question 19

Soluble fiber food sources

Answer 19

Oat bran, Fruits, Legumes

Question 20

Fiber

Answer 20

indigestible portion of a plant

cannot be broken down by digestive processes

Question 21

Soluble fiber

Answer 21

that can be dissolved in water
can be metabolized in the large intestine
includes pectin, gums, mucilages

Question 22

Insoluble fiber

Answer 22

Cannot be dissolved in water or metabolized in the large intestine
includes cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignins

Question 23

*What is the RDA for carbohydrates

Answer 23

130g/day to provide adequate glucose for the brain

Question 24

*What is the AI for fiber

Answer 24

men: 38g and 31 for over 50 years
women: 25g and 21 for 50 years and older

Question 25

What would 60grams of fiber a day cause?

Answer 25

may cause constipation with inadequate fluid intake | decrease absorption of minerals

Question 26

AMDR for carbohydrates

Answer 26

45%-65% of energy

Question 27

Function of Carbohydrates

Answer 27

Prevent Ketosis Protein Sparing Energy

Question 28

Protein Sparing

Answer 28

prevent protein to be used as energy source

Question 29

Glycemic index who benefits and not

Answer 29

may be beneficial for endurance athletes | may not be beneficial for clients with diabetes

Question 30

Glycemic Index

Answer 30

a ranking of how food affects blood glucose level compared to the response of reference food. Based on 50 grams of carbs

Question 31

Glycemic Load

Answer 31

the amount of carbohydrates in a 'normal' serving of the food multiplied by the glycemic index divided by 100