Exam 2 (Chs. 5-8) Flashcards
(106 cards)
1
Q
What is the most common type of collagen protein in the body?
a. Type I
b. Type II
c. Type III
d. Type IV
A
a.Type I
2
Q
Which of the following statements concerning the autonomic nervous system is correct?
a. Only one division of the autonomic nervous system usually supplies most organs.
b. The autonomic nervous system includes the sympathetic system and the parasympathetic system.
c. The autonomic nerves are efferent processes, and they are always in one-neuron circuits.
d. The autonomic nervous system operates with conscious control.
A
b.The autonomic nervous system includes the sympathetic system and the parasympathetic system.
3
Q
How many phases are within mitosis or cell division?
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
A
d.Four
4
Q
The fusion of the two palatal shelves with the primary palate is dependent on the:
a. ingrowth from the maxillary arch.
b. change in position of the paranasal sinuses.
c. continued vertical growth of all the processes.
d. change in the position of the tongue.
A
d.change in the position of the tongue.
5
Q
The specialized, metabolically active structures within the cell are generally considered to be:
a. nuclear pores.
b. organelles.
c. chromosomes.
d. vacuoles.
A
b.organelles.
6
Q
The tongue develops from multiple swellings derived from the:
a. outer parts of the maxillary process.
b. inferior growth of the intermaxillary segment.
c. palatal shelves of the maxillary process.
d. first four branchial arches.
A
d.first four branchial arches.
7
Q
Around the lingual swellings, the cells degenerate, forming a sulcus, which frees the body of the tongue from the floor of the mouth, except for the attachment of the:
a. nasal septum.
b. tuberculum impar.
c. copula.
d. lingual frenum.
A
d.lingual frenum.
8
Q
An independent body part formed from tissue is a(n):
a. organ.
b. tissue.
c. cell.
d. system.
A
a.organ.
9
Q
The small paired nasopalatine canals are represented in the mature hard palate by the:
a. median palatine raphe.
b. medial lingual sulcus.
c. incisive foramen.
d. palatal rugae.
A
c.incisive foramen.
10
Q
Where in the adult body does reticular connective tissue still predominate?
a. Soft palate
b. Tendons and bone
c. Lymph nodes
d. Dermis
A
c.Lymph nodes
11
Q
Which of the following organelles in a cell can appear microscopically either smooth or rough?
a. Golgi complex
b. Lysosomes
c. Cytoskeleton
d. Endoplasmic reticulum
A
d.Endoplasmic reticulum
12
Q
During what phase of mitosis do the chromosomes move so that the centromeres are aligned in the equatorial plane?
a. Metaphase
b. Prophase
c. Anaphase
d. Telophase
A
a.Metaphase
13
Q
How many buds in the dental lamina appear along each dental arch during odontogenesis of the primary dentition?
a. 5
b. 10
c. 15
d. 20
A
b.
10
14
Q
Which way does the sulcus terminalis point toward the oropharynx after tongue development?
a. Upward
b. Downward
c. Forward
d. Backward
A
d.Backward
15
Q
Which of the following organelles are produced by the Golgi complex and function as well in both intracellular and extracellular digestion by the cell?
a. Lysosomes
b. Ribosomes
c. Endoplasmic reticulum
d. Nucleus
A
a.Lysosomes
16
Q
Which of the following functions are performed by the Golgi complex within the cell?
a. Metabolizes foreign compounds
b. Produces ribosomes
c. Packages protein compounds
d. Produces energy for the cell
A
c.Packages protein compounds
17
Q
During the cell cycle, interphase involves the cells engaging in:
a. organelle replacement.
b. substance destruction.
c. chromatin removal.
d. centrosome reduction.
A
a.organelle replacement.
18
Q
When does tongue development occur during prenatal development?
a. During the fourth to fifth week
b. During the fourth to eighth week
c. During the eighth to tenth week
d. During the eighth to twelfth week
A
b.During the fourth to eighth week
19
Q
The overlapping period between the primary and permanent dentition is best considered the _____ period.
a. deciduous
b. adult
c. secondary
d. mixed dentition
A
d.mixed dentition
20
Q
Which teeth are associated with the further development of the primary palate?
a. Maxillary incisors
b. Mandibular incisors
c. Maxillary canines
d. Mandibular posterior teeth
A
a.Maxillary incisors
21
Q
If a tooth has two roots, how many horizontal epithelial extensions or flaps will be involved in its root formation?
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
A
b.Two
22
Q
The dental lamina is an embryonic structure that develops from the:
a. oral epithelium.
b. mesenchyme.
c. neural crest cells.
d. endodermal layer.
A
a.oral epithelium.
23
Q
The nervous system has two main divisions, which include the central nervous system and the _____ nervous system.
a. autonomic
b. peripheral
c. somatic
d. parasympathetic
A
b.peripheral
24
Q
Which of the following are chemical mediators of the immune response produced by B and T cells?
a. Platelets
b. Immunoglobulins
c. Immunogens
d. Cytokines
A
d.Cytokines
25
What is the term used to describe the amount of time it takes for newly divided cells to be completely replaced throughout a tissue?
a. Fusion
b. Mitosis
c. Turnover
d. Meiosis
c.Turnover
26
What term describes the movement of the nuclei within the inner enamel epithelium as the tissue forms into preameloblasts?
a. Dentinogenesis
b. Repolarization
c. Disintegration
d. Maturation
b.Repolarization
27
Which type of bone tissue has a Haversian system with osteons?
a. Cancellous bone
b. Compact bone
c. Osteoid
d. Immature bone
b.Compact bone
28
Similar to connective tissue, most muscles are derived during prenatal development from:
a. ectoderm.
b. endoderm.
c. neural crest cells.
d. somites of mesoderm.
d.somites of mesoderm.
29
When is the palate formed during prenatal development?
a. During the fourth week of prenatal development
b. After adjacent tongue formation begins
c. During only a week of prenatal development
d. Spanning both the embryonic and fetal periods
d.Spanning both the embryonic and fetal periods
30
Which of the following structures is initially formed during the fifth week of prenatal development?
a. Neural tube
b. Palatal processes
c. Mandibular arch
d. Intermaxillary segment
d.Intermaxillary segment
31
Which paired processes fuse to form the intermaxillary segment internally within the embryo during prenatal development?
a. Lateral nasal processes
b. Medial nasal processes
c. Palatal shelves
d. Mandibular processes
b.Medial nasal processes
32
Which of the following tissue types provides nutrition for the underlying compact bone?
a. Cartilage
b. Periosteum
c. Compact bone
d. Cancellous bone
b.Periosteum
33
During the sixth week of prenatal development, within the embryonic period, the bilateral maxillary processes give rise to paired:
a. lateral nasal processes.
b. medial nasal processes.
c. palatal shelves.
d. mandibular processes.
c.palatal shelves.
34
Which of the following is the *most* common complication associated with dens in dente?
a. Macrodontic tooth size
b. Abnormal arch spacing
c. Lingual pit formation
d. Hypercementosis of root surface
c.Lingual pit formation
35
What is connective tissue *directly* derived from during prenatal development?
a. Ectoderm
b. Endoderm
c. Neural crest cells
d. Somites of mesoderm
d.Somites of mesoderm
36
To complete the palate, in which direction does the involved structures gradually fuse?
a. Right to left
b. Left to right
c. Anterior to posterior
d. Posterior to anterior
c.Anterior to posterior
37
Which of the following structures is *not* part of the enamel organ?
a. Stellate reticulum
b. Stratum intermedium
c. Odontoblastic layer
d. Outer epithelial cells
c.Odontoblastic layer
38
What is the *main* difference between the cell membrane and nuclear envelope within the cell?
a. Cell membrane has nuclear pores.
b. Nuclear envelope is double-layered.
c. Nuclear envelope contains cytoplasm.
d. Cell membrane contains nucleoplasm.
b.Nuclear envelope is double-layered.
39
Which of the following are *not* skeletal muscles?
a. Muscles of facial expression
b. Tongue muscles
c. Muscles of upper esophagus
d. Linings of blood vessels
d.Linings of blood vessels
40
When does the nasal cavity form during prenatal development?
a. During the fourth to eighth week
b. During the fifth to ninth week
c. During the fourth to tenth week
d. During the fifth to twelfth week
b.During the fifth to ninth week
41
Which stage of tooth formation occurs for the primary dentition during the eleventh and twelfth week of prenatal development?
a. Bell stage
b. Initiation stage
c. Cap stage
d. Bud stage
a.Bell stage
42
The semifluid part contained within cell membrane boundary is considered to be:
a. nucleoplasm.
b. cytoplasm.
c. tissue fluid.
d. nuclear envelope.
b.cytoplasm.
43
Where does the initial teeth for both dentitions develop?
a. Anterior maxillary region
b. Anterior mandibular region
c. Posterior maxillary region
d. Posterior mandibular region
b.Anterior mandibular region
44
The crystalline formation of mature bone consists of *mainly* of which of the following?
a. Calcium hydroxyapatite
b. Osteoid
c. Osteocytes
d. Canaliculi
a.Calcium hydroxyapatite
45
Epithelium, unlike connective tissue, is \_\_\_\_\_, which means that it *never* has a blood supply of its own.
a. stratified
b. avascular
c. keratinized
d. simple
b.avascular
46
Enamel hypocalcification is a type of enamel dysplasia that involves:
a. an increased number of ameloblasts.
b. a reduction in the quantity of enamel matrix.
c. grooves and pitting on the enamel surface.
d. interference in the metabolic processes of ameloblasts.
d.interference in the metabolic processes of ameloblasts.
47
The intermaxillary segment is an internal wedge-shaped mass that extends inferiorly and deep to the nasal pits on the:
a. inside of the parotid salivary gland.
b. inside of the stomodeum.
c. wall of the pharynx.
d. wall of the maxillary sinus.
b.inside of the stomodeum.
48
The extensions of epithelium into connective tissue, as appear on histologic section, are the:
a. connective tissue papillae.
b. squames.
c. basement membrane.
d. rete ridges.
d.rete ridges.
49
Which of the following completions of development allows the paired nasal cavity and the single oral cavity in the fetus to become completely separate?
a. Tongue completion
b. Tongue and nasal septum completion
c. Nasal septum and final palate completion
d. Final palate completion
c.Nasal septum and final palate completion
50
Tubercles are a developmental disturbance that occurs during the cap stage of tooth development with both dentitions, but with the permanent dentition it can be *mainly* noted on the:
a. occlusal surface of premolars.
b. occlusal surface of third molars.
c. cingulum on mandibular lateral incisors.
d. cingulum of mandibular canines.
b.occlusal surface of third molars.
51
The *main* superficial layer of the basement membrane is the **\_\_\_\_\_** and is produced by the epithelium.
a. reticular lamina
b. basal lamina
c. lamina lucida
d. lamina densa
b.basal lamina
52
What happens to the specific cells from the enamel organ that will differentiate into preameloblasts?
a. Their length shortens.
b. Their nuclei repolarize.
c. Their cellular contents mineralize.
d. They line up along the basement membrane.
b.Their nuclei repolarize.
53
Which type of cellular junction attaches the junctional epithelium to the tooth surface?
a. Cemental
b. Lysosomal
c. Desmosomal
d. Hemidesmosomal
d.Hemidesmosomal
54
Nonsuccedaneous permanent teeth develop from buds that grow off an extension of:
a. each successional dental lamina.
b. both paired palatal shelves.
c. the posterior part of the intermaxillary segment.
d. each primary second molar’s dental lamina.
d.each primary second molar’s dental lamina.
55
The smallest living unit of organization in the body is a(n):
a. organ.
b. tissue.
c. cell.
d. system.
c.cell.
56
Which permanent teeth undergo partial anodontia the *most* within the developing oral cavity?
a. Third molars
b. Mandibular second premolars
c. Maxillary lateral incisors
d. Maxillary first premolars
a.Third molars
57
Anchoring collagen fibers are found:
a. between the lamina densa and the lamina lucida.
b. between the epithelial cell surface and lamina lucida.
c. in the connective tissue adjacent to the lamina densa.
d. in the epithelium adjacent to the lamina densa.
c.in the connective tissue adjacent to the lamina densa.
58
What part of the final palate does the secondary palate give rise to?
a. Two-thirds of the hard palate
b. Entire hard palate
c. Only the soft palate region
d. Both the hard and soft palate
a.Two-thirds of the hard palate
59
Which of the following structures separates the epithelium from the connective tissue?
a. Submucosa
b. Basement membrane
c. Periosteum
d. Endosteum
b.Basement membrane
60
The _____ is a superficial demarcation of the line of fusion of the two lateral lingual swellings during tongue development, as well as that of a deeper fibrous structure.
a. tuberculum impar
b. copula
c. median lingual sulcus
d. sulcus terminalis
c.median lingual sulcus
61
Which embryonic structure is specifically responsible for the development of the root?
a. Stellate reticulum
b. Enamel organ
c. Stratum intermedium
d. Cervical loop
d.Cervical loop
62
During which week of prenatal development is the palate completed?
a. Fifth
b. Eighth
c. Tenth
d. Twelfth
d.Twelfth
63
When does the nuclear membrane reappear during mitosis?
a. Metaphase
b. Prophase
c. Anaphase
d. Telophase
a.Metaphase
64
By weight, which of the following is considered the *most* abundant type of basic tissue in body?
a. Nerve tissue
b. Connective tissue
c. Muscle tissue
d. Epithelial tissue
b.Connective tissue
65
Considering the developmental disturbance of cleft palate, which of the following statements is *correct*?
a. May be isolated or associated with other abnormalities.
b. Isolated forms of cleft palate are more common than cleft lip.
c. Isolated forms are more common in males.
d. Cleft uvula is the most complicated example.
a.May be isolated or associated with other abnormalities.
66
What structure partially separates the nasal and oral cavities in the fifth week of prenatal development?
a. Maxillary process
b. Primary palate
c. Final or definitive palate
d. Mandibular arch
b.Primary palate
67
Where is the centrosome *specifically* located within the cell, as it plays a significant role in forming the mitotic spindle apparatus during mitosis?
a. Cell membrane
b. Golgi complex
c. Nucleus
d. Mitochondria
c.Nucleus
68
Which of the following statements concerning tongue disturbances is *correct*?
a. Abnormalities of the tongue are common.
b. Ankyloglossia results from a long attachment of the lingual frenum.
c. Ankyloglossia may be associated with other craniofacial abnormalities.
d. Lingual frenum is never surgically cut anymore to free it.
c.Ankyloglossia may be associated with other craniofacial abnormalities.
69
What happens to the specific cells from the enamel organ that will differentiate into preameloblasts?
a. Their length shortens.
b. Their nuclei repolarize.
c. Their cellular contents mineralize.
d. They line up along the basement membrane.
b.Their nuclei repolarize.
70
The chromosomes have clear, constricted areas near each middle, *specifically* considered to be:
a. chromatin.
b. chromatids.
c. centromeres.
d. cytoplasm.
c.centromeres.
71
During the cap stage of tooth development, the tooth germ consists of:
a. enamel organ and dental sac.
b. enamel organ and dental papilla.
c. enamel organ, dental sac, and dental papilla.
d. dental sac and dental papilla.
c.enamel organ, dental sac, and dental papilla.
72
What is the name given to the clot that forms during repair of the epidermis?
a. Cyst
b. Scab
c. Pearl
d. Granulation
b.Scab
73
Which of the following permanent teeth can be considered nonsuccedaneous?
a. Incisors
b. Canines
c. Premolars
d. Molars
d.Molars
74
The macrophages found in the connective tissue are derived from:
a. neutrophils.
b. monocytes.
c. basophils.
d. mast cells.
b.monocytes.
75
What is the angled part of the ameloblast that secretes the enamel matrix?
a. Inner enamel epithelium
b. Repolarized preameloblasts
c. Tomes process
d. Disintegrating basement membrane
c.Tomes process
76
The fluid part within the nucleus of the cell is considered to be:
a. cytoplasm.
b. nucleoplasm.
c. nuclear envelope.
d. tissue fluid.
b.nucleoplasm.
77
Which of following are metabolically inert substances in the cell that are also considered transient?
a. Inclusions
b. Vacuoles
c. Intermediate filaments
d. Lysosomes
a.Inclusions
78
Where does the dental lamina begin to form *first* in the developing dental arches?
a. Near the midline
b. Adjacent to the mental foramen
c. Over the region of the future molars
d. Adjacent to the developing temporomandibular joint
a.Near the midline
79
Which of the following embryonic structures becomes the dentinoenamel junction during completion of tooth development?
a. Inner cells of the dental papilla
b. Outer cells of the dental papilla
c. Outer enamel epithelium of the enamel organ
d. Basement membrane between the enamel organ and dental papilla
d.Basement membrane between the enamel organ and dental papilla
80
During what phase of mitosis does the chromatin condense within the cell?
a. Metaphase
b. Prophase
c. Anaphase
d. Telophase
b.Prophase
81
A collection of similarly specialized cells in the body is termed a(n):
a. organ.
b. tissue.
c. cell.
d. system.
b.tissue.
82
Which of the following statements is *correct* when considering odontogenesis?
a. Has a clear-cut beginning and end point to the process
b. Does *not* include the maturation of the dental tissues
c. Parallels the formation of the face
d. Does *not* have any identifiable stages
c.Parallels the formation of the face
83
Which of the following is *not* considered a component of the cytoskeleton within a cell?
a. Microfilaments
b. Intermediate filaments
c. Microtubules
d. Vacuoles
d.Vacuoles
84
Which part of the tooth germ is the primary source for the periodontal ligament of the tooth?
a. Dental sac
b. Hertwig epithelial root sheath
c. Stratum intermedium
d. Central cells of dental papilla
a.Dental sac
85
During root development, the Hertwig epithelial root sheath is entirely composed of:
a. all layers of the enamel organ.
b. enamel organ and dental papilla.
c. inner and outer cells of the dental papilla.
d. inner and outer enamel epithelium.
d.inner and outer enamel epithelium.
86
What is the known etiology of supernumerary teeth?
a. Hereditary factors
b. Occlusal trauma involvement
c. Infective teratogen considerations
d. Disintegration of associated membranes
a.Hereditary factors
87
How many phases are within interphase when it occurs between cell division?
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
c.Three
88
The initiation stage of odontogenesis *mainly* involves the process of:
a. differentiation.
b. proliferation.
c. induction.
d. morphogenesis.
c.induction.
89
What is the special term used for the simple squamous epithelium that lines the vessels and serious cavities of the body?
a. Endothelium
b. Reticular
c. Pseudostratified columnar
d. Epidermis
a.Endothelium
90
Which type of blood cell is *directly* responsible for immunoglobulin production?
a. Neutrophils
b. Basophils
c. Plasma cells
d. Mast cells
c.Plasma cells
91
Most epithelium in the body consists of \_\_\_\_\_, which includes the superficial layer of the skin and oral mucosa.
a. stratified squamous epithelium
b. pseudostratified columnar epithelium
c. simple squamous epithelium
d. endothelium
a.stratified squamous epithelium
92
Lack of initiation within the dental lamina results in the absence of a single tooth or multiple teeth, producing:
a. supernumerary teeth.
b. anodontia.
c. dens in dente.
d. germination.
b.anodontia.
93
During tongue development, what does the epiglottic swelling develop from?
a. Outer parts of the maxillary process
b. Inferior growth of the intermaxillary segment
c. Palatal shelves of the maxillary process
d. First four branchial arches
d.First four branchial arches
94
The outer cells of the dental papilla are induced to differentiate during tooth development into:
a. pulp tissue.
b. preameloblasts.
c. odontoblasts.
d. cementoblasts.
c.odontoblasts.
95
Which of the following statements concerning tongue development is *correct*?
a. Tongue development begins as a triangular median swelling, the tuberculum impar.
b. The copula is formed from the fusion of mesenchyme of mainly the second parts of the fourth branchial arches.
c. The foramen cecum is the beginning of the thymus.
d. The tongue develops during the eighth week of prenatal development.
a.Tongue development begins as a triangular median swelling, the tuberculum impar.
96
The active transport of material from a vesicle within the cell out into the extracellular environment is termed:
a. endocytosis.
b. phagocytosis.
c. exocytosis.
d. interphase.
c.exocytosis.
97
Which of the following is the *main* hydrolytic enzyme found in lysosomes?
a. Intercellular substance
b. Hyaluronidase
c. Tissue fluid
d. Lysozyme
b.Hyaluronidase
98
As the tongue develops still further, the copula of the tongue base, after overgrowing the second branchial arch, merges with the anterior swellings of the first branchial arch of the tongue body, with the fusion is superficially demarcated by the:
a. sulcus terminalis.
b. tuberculum impar.
c. copula.
d. median lingual sulcus.
a.sulcus terminalis.
99
Which of the following basic tissue types is usually composed of fewer cells spaced farther apart and containing larger amounts of matrix between the cells?
a. Epithelium
b. Nerve tissue
c. Muscle tissue
d. Connective tissue
d.Connective tissue
100
Which part of the enamel organ is the *main* source of the junctional epithelium?
a. Outer enamel epithelium
b. Stellate reticulum
c. Stratum intermedium
d. Inner enamel epithelium
c.Stratum intermedium
101
Which of the following tissue types covers and lines *both* the external and internal body surfaces?
a. Adipose
b. Connective tissue
c. Cartilage
d. Epithelium
d.Epithelium
102
During what period of prenatal development is *most* of the permanent dentition formed?
a. Preimplantation period
b. Embryonic period
c. Fetal period
d. Both embryonic and fetal period
c.Fetal period
103
Which of the following statements concerning active eruption of a permanent succedaneous tooth is *correct*?
a. The tooth erupts when the root is completed.
b. The shedding of the associated primary tooth is intermittent.
c. The first junctional epithelium is from the surrounding dental sac.
d. The tooth actively erupts as gingival recession occurs.
b.The shedding of the associated primary tooth is intermittent.
104
Which of the following involves the engulfing and then digesting of solid waste and foreign material by the cell through enzymatic breakdown of the material?
a. Exocytosis
b. Phagocytosis
c. Endoplasmic reticulum
d. Intermediate filaments
b.Phagocytosis
105
Which of the following statements concerning palatal developmental is *correct*?
a. The intermaxillary segment gives rise to the secondary palate.
b. Palatal fusion allows the fusion of swellings or tissue from different surfaces of the embryo.
c. The nasal cavity forms at later than the palate.
d. The secondary palate gives rise to the anterior third of the hard palate.
b.Palatal fusion allows the fusion of swellings or tissue from different surfaces of the embryo.
106
Organs in the body are know to be able to functioning together as a(n):
a. organ.
b. tissue.
c. cell.
d. system.
d.system.
