Exam 2: Cytokines Flashcards Preview

RUSVM Immunology 2016 > Exam 2: Cytokines > Flashcards

Flashcards in Exam 2: Cytokines Deck (30)
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1
Q

Properties of Cytokines

A
  • produce proteins
  • control the immune response, locally and systematically
  • mechanism of communication among cells
  • affect many diff. types of cells (pleiotropic)
2
Q

An effective immune response is possible only when interaction between (blank), ( blank) and (blank) is possible.

A

hematopoietic, lymphoid and inflammatory cells

3
Q

Cytokines are originally called:

A

lymphokines or monokines

4
Q

Interleukines (IL)

A

Cytokines that mediate between lymphcytes and leukocytes

*37 known

5
Q

Chemokines

A

Cytokines that recruit and activate leukocytes

6
Q

Chemotaxis

A

cells move from an area of low chemical signal to an area of high chemical signal

7
Q

Cytokines bind to

A

receptors on target cells, thus initiate activating or suppressive signals

8
Q

Autocrine action of cytokine

A

A cytokine binds on a receptor on the same cell that produced the cytokine

9
Q

Paracrine action of cytokine

A

A cytokine binds on a receptor found on a cell in close proximity to the producer cell it exerts

10
Q

Endocrine Action of Cytokine

A

When a cytokine binds to a receptor found on a cell located in a distant part of the body

11
Q

Pleiotropic Action of Cytokine

A

has different biological effects on different target cells

12
Q

Redundancy Action of Cytokine

A

Two or more cytokines exert the same biological effect on the same cells

13
Q

Synergistic Action of Cytokine

A

Two cytokines that work better together, compared to seperately

14
Q

Antagonistic Action of Cytokine

A

action of one cytokine inhibits the effects of another cytokine

15
Q

Cascade Action of Cytokine

A

Cytokine production that leads to more cytokines being produced

16
Q

What is the structure of cytokine receptors?

A

Subunits:

  1. Cytokine binding
  2. signal transduction
17
Q

IL-3, IL-5 and GM-CSF function to:

A
  • affect hematopoietic cells
  • activate monocytes
  • induce differentiation of megakariocytes
  • induce proliferation of neutrophils
  • induce degranulation of basophils to release histamine
18
Q

Chemokines function to:

A
  • regulation the adhesion process
  • chemotaxis
  • activation of leukocytes
  • *regulation of leukoctye homeostasis and inflammation
19
Q

Where are chemokines produced:

A
  • peripheral lymphoid tissue cells
  • bone marrow
  • other tissues
20
Q

Chemokines are induced to participate in the inflammatory process by

A

TNF- alpha

21
Q

C chemokines structure

A

the first 2 conserved cysteins are bound by side disulphide bonds

22
Q

CC chemokines structure

A

the first 2 conserved cysteins are positioned one fater another and each has a side chain

23
Q

CXC chemokines structure

A

between the 1st and 2nd conserved cysteins there is an aa other than cystein

24
Q

CX3C chemokiens structure

A

three amino acids other than cystein are located in between the first two conserved cysteins and there is a mucin domain

25
Q

Antigens stimulate TCR to release

A

IFN-gamma, IL-2, -4, -10, -13

26
Q

Cytokine Signal Transduction

A
  1. ligand binds receptors
  2. Tyrosine kinase activity is generated
  3. Second messengers amplify and trasmit signal
  4. Transcription factors are generated
  5. Gene transcription leads to protein synthesis and cell division
  6. Cell Response
27
Q

IL-1 RA regulates IL-1 by

A

blocking the receptor

28
Q

TNF-R regulates TNF alpha

A

by competing for TNF-alpha with cell membrane and inhibits cytokines signalling

29
Q

What are the cytokine functions on target cells:

a. affect cell behavior
b. Mitosis
c. Differentiation
d. Induce protein synthesis
e. all the above

A

E. all the above

30
Q

Cytokines must bind to their receptors on target cells in order to trigger an intracellular signal. T/F

A

True