Immunomodulation Immunopharmacology

Question 1

Immunomodulation/immunopharmacology

Answer 1

Manipulate the immune response via stimulation or suppression of the immune response

Question 2

Radiation targets and effects

Answer 2

Targets DNA and Water- causing DNA mutations, and free oxygen and hydroxyl radicals that damage cells

Question 3

Corticosteriods targets and effects

Answer 3

NF-kB- decreasing gene transcription and cytokine synthesis

Question 4

Cyclophophasmide targets and effects

Answer 4

DNA- suppresses bone marrow

Question 5

Methotrexate targets and effects

Answer 5

dihydrofolate reductase- inhibits the synthesis of thymidine and purine nucleotides

Question 6

Azatiophrine targets and effects

Answer 6

DNA- inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis

Question 7

Effects of Corticosteroids on Neutrophils

Answer 7

decreases chemotaxis, margination, phagocytosis, ADCC, bactericidal activity
inhibits phospholipase A2

Question 8

Effects of corticosteroids on macrophages

Answer 8

decreases chemotaxis, phagocytosis, bactericidal activity, IL-1 and IL-6 production and antigen processing

Question 9

Effects of corticosteroids on lymphocytes

Answer 9

decreased proliferation, T cell response, T cell-mediated cytotoxicity, IL-2 production, lymphokine production

Question 10

Effects of corticosteroids on complement

Answer 10

NONE

Question 11

Example of corticosteroids in small animal

Answer 11

prednisolone and methylprednisolone

Question 12

Example of corticosteroids in large animal

Answer 12

betamethasone, dexamethasone

Question 13

Examples of non specific immunosuppressives

Answer 13

radiation, corticosteroids, cyclphosphamide, methotrexate and axatiophrine

Question 14

Examples of selective immunsuppressives

Answer 14

cyclosporine, tracolimus, rapamycin, mycophenolate, lefunomide, antiserum, antibodies

Question 15

Cyclsporine effect on teh immune system

Answer 15

blocks TH1 response and MHC 1 expression

Question 16

What drug is ideal treatment in organ transplant and hypersensitivities?

Answer 16

cyclosporine

Question 17

Tracolimus effect on the immune system

Answer 17

(inhibits B and T cell response)

Question 18

Rapamycin (sirolimus) targets

Answer 18

m-TOR

Question 19

Cyclosprine targets

Answer 19

calcineurin

Question 20

Cyclosprine effects calcineurin by

Answer 20

inhibits signal transduction and synthesis of IL-2 and IFN-y

Question 21

Tracolimus targets

Answer 21

Calcineurin

Question 22

Tracolimus effects calcineurin by

Answer 22

inhibits the productin of IL-2, 3, 4, 5 and IFN-y and TNFalpha

Question 23

Rapamycin effects mTOR by

Answer 23

blocking stimulatory signals from IL-2, 4, and 6

Question 24

Rapamycin effect on the immune system

Answer 24

promotes tolerance and T reg activity

Question 25

Mycophenolate is toxic for what species?

Answer 25

dogs- GIT

Question 26

Mycophenolate targets

Answer 26

DNA

Question 27

Mycophenolate effects DNA by

Answer 27

preventing DNA synthesis, blocks T and B cell proliferation

Question 28

Leflunomide targets

Answer 28

DNA

Question 29

Leflunomide effects the immune system by

Answer 29

decreasing production of T reg cells

Question 30

Antiserum targets

Answer 30

CD3, 4, and 8

Question 31

antiserum effects the immune system

Answer 31

by depleting lymphocytes

Question 32

antibodies target

Answer 32

CD32

Question 33

antibodies effect teh immune response by

Answer 33

inhibiting the humoral immune response

Question 34

Bacille calmette- Guerin targets | mycobacterium bovis

Answer 34

TLRs

Question 35

Bacille calmette- Guerin | mycobacterium bovis

Answer 35

enhances T and B cell responses

Question 36

Complex carbohydrates

Answer 36

activate macrophages

Question 37

Examples of complex carbohydrates

Answer 37

zymosan, glucans, lentinans, acemannan

Question 38

Levamisole effects the immune response

Answer 38

T cell differentiation an dresponse, increases cytokine proudction and phagocytosis

Question 39

Vitamins A, D and E effect the immune response

Answer 39

increasing IL-2 production, increase antimicrobial capacity in macrophages and DC, increase lymphocyte mitosis

Question 40

Cytokines target

Answer 40

IL-1, 2, 12 and IFN's