Vaccines/Vaccinatino

Question 1

passive immunization

Answer 1

involves the administration of preformed antibodies to provide immediate immunological protection

Question 2

Where are antisera raised?

Answer 2

in horses or sheep

Question 3

How often is passive immunization performed in veterinary medicine?

Answer 3

Rarely

Question 4

Passive immunization antiserum for cattle is done for

Answer 4

anthrax

Question 5

Passive immunization antiserum for dogs is done for

Answer 5

canine distemper

Question 6

Passive immunization antiserum for cats is done for

Answer 6

panleukopenia

Question 7

Passive immunization antiserum for humans is done for

Answer 7

snake, arthropod and insect antiserum

Question 8

What antibody is most prevalent in passive immunization?

Answer 8

IgG (then IgM and IgA)

Question 9

What is the most common form of immunization?

Answer 9

active immunization

Question 10

active immunization

Answer 10

an Ag is administered to an animal to induce an immune response

Question 11

What do vaccines protect animals from?

Answer 11

subsequent exposure to teh same antigen

Question 12

What are properties of an ideal vaccine

Answer 12

inexpensive, consistant formulation, stable, long shelf-life, produces appropriate immune response, long-lived immune response, induces immunological memory, no adverse side effects

Question 13

What types of vaccines are there?

Answer 13

infectious and non infectious vaccines

Question 14

What are examples of infectious vaccines?

Answer 14

live virulent vaccines
live attenuated vaccines
heterologous vaccines
recombinat organisms
marker vaccines

Question 15

What are examples of non infectious vaccines?

Answer 15

killed vaccines, subunit vaccines, naked DNA vaccines

Question 16

What are examples of vaccines other than for infectious diseases?

Answer 16

allergic vaccines, autoimmune vaccines, neoplastic (cancer) vaccines

Question 17

Why are vaccines that incorporate live and virulent form of an infectious agent uncommon?

Answer 17

Due to the potential risk of inducing clinical disease rather than protection

Question 18

What type of vaccine is most commonly used in veterinary medicine?

Answer 18

live attenuated vaccine (modified live)

Question 19

live attenuated vaccine

Answer 19

intact and viable organism that has “been attenuated” to reduce virulence

Question 20

Live attenuated vaccines work by

Answer 20

inducing a low-level infection and replicating wihtin the animal

Question 21

Do live attenuated vaccines induce significant pathology or clinical disease?

Answer 21

NO

Question 22

What are methods of attenuation for vaccines?

Answer 22

heating, chemical treatment, microogranism growth, deletion of virulent genes, alternative antigenetically organism

Question 23

What are contraindications to using live attenuated vaccines?

Answer 23

reversion to virulence
vaccine contamination
less stable (need refrigeration)

Question 24

What is a heterologous vaccine?

Answer 24

incorporates an organism antigenically related to the target infectious agent but adapted to another host species
Human measles to CDV, FPV- CPV

Question 25

What is an example set of diseases that have similar antigens?

Answer 25

CDV, cattle rinderprest and measles

Question 26

What can you inject int oa dog to protect against distemper?

Answer 26

measles virus

Question 27

What is a recombinant organism vaccine?

Answer 27

a benign carrier organism is genetically modified to incorporate a gene from an unrelated pathogen, expressed the gene within host and triggers immune response

Question 28

Marker vaccines allows scientists to

Answer 28

distinguish between antibodies produced by vaccine and natural exposure immune response

Question 29

What is a non infectious vaccine/killed vaccine?

Answer 29

has an organism antigenically intact but clearly unable to replicate or induce pathology or clinical disease

Question 30

What do most killed vaccine require?

Answer 30

an adjuvant- substance that enhances the bodies immune system to an antigen

Question 31

Why do most killed vaccines require and adjuvant?

Answer 31

they are most likely to induce a Th2 response compared with live attenuated vaccines

Question 32

What are subunit vaccines?

Answer 32

Contain specific immunogenic structural proteins or metabolites derived from an organism (not an ENTIRE intact organism)

Question 33

What are naked DNA vaccines?

Answer 33

plasmids transfecting host cells at the site of injection (APCs)

Question 34

How do naked DNA vaccines work?

Answer 34

they trigger a potent mixed cell-mediated and humoral immune response

Question 35

What vaccine can be used with maternally derived antibodies?

Answer 35

naked DNA vaccine

Question 36

Mucosal vaccines

Answer 36

stimulate high levels of local immunity in the site of inoculation

Question 37

What do mucosal vaccines protect against?

Answer 37

respiratory pathogens: IBR, PI-3, herpesvirus-1, streptococcus equi, canine bordetella, FCV

Question 38

How can fish vaccines be given?

Answer 38

immersion/abosrtion via gills, swallowing/oral cavity, injection: IP

Question 39

What is a type of mucosal vaccine given for newcastle disease in poultry?

Answer 39

an aerosolized, mucosal vaccine

Question 40

Needle-free vaccines

Answer 40

use a modified transdermal device of drugs

Question 41

Depot adjuvants

Answer 41

slow removal of antigen for prolonged immune response

Question 42

Particulate adjuvants

Answer 42

Enhance antigen presentation, cytokine production by APC, ThCell response **overall enhance cell mediated immunity and antibody production

Question 43

Immunostimulatory adjuvants

Answer 43

Stimulate TLRS, enhance cytokine production by APC, Th cell response **overall enhance cell mediated immunity and antibody production

Question 44

Core vaccine

Answer 44

required because they protect against common, dangerous disease so that a failure to sue them, animal is at risk of disease or death

Question 45

Noncore vaccine

Answer 45

directed against disease, risk associated with not vaccinating may be low

Question 46

When do you not vaccinate an animal?

Answer 46

when it is immunosuppressed or ill

Question 47

Maternal derived antibody may interfere with vaccines in young animals requiring

Answer 47

a booster vaccine | **a series of priming immunizations

Question 48

What are examples of inappropriate responses to vaccinations?

Answer 48

Local reaction, anaphylaxis, granuloma, fibrosarcoma | hypersensiivies, neurological reaction or foreign body reactions

Question 49

What are examples results of errors in vaccinations?

Answer 49

immunosuppression, clinical disease or fetal death