Exam 2 - Eukarya Flashcards
(17 cards)
Fungi (Kingdom)
Describe and what are the 2 forms
- has diploid chromosomes
- has nuclear membrane
- more advanced form of microorganism
- complex structures
2 forms
Yeast & Molds
Fungi - Yeast
- Unicellular
- Nonfilamentous
- Sperical or oval shape
- Asexual reproduction: blastoconidia formation (budding)
Reproduction
Blastoconidia vs Fission yeast
Budding: Forms protuberance. Divides parent nucleus and one migrates to the bud then breaks away
Fission Yeast: Divides equally into 2 new daughter cells. O2: aerobic respiration metabolize carbs into CO2 & H2O
No O2: Ferments carbs into ethanol & CO2
Molds/Fleshy fungi
Describe
Thallus Hyphae Septa Coenocytic hyphae Vegetative hypha: Aerial hypha Mycelium
- Thallus: body. Filamentous
- Hyphae: long filaments of cells joined together
- Septa: divides hyphae into uninucleated cells
- Coenocytic hyphae: no septa. continuous cell with many nuclei
- Vegetative hypha: obtains nutrients
- Aerial hypha: for reproduction, spore forming
- Mycelium: filamentous mass
Dimorphic Fungi
- 2 forms of grown, mold or yeast
- 37F - yeast: budding
- 25F - mold: vegetative & aerial hyphae
Asexual vs Sexual Spores
Describe process of sexual and asexual spores
Asexual
- Formed from hyphae.
- new mold is a clone
- 2 types of spores:
- Conidiospore - fragments of septate. Single, slightly thick cells (arthroconidia)
- Sporangiospore - forms in sporangium sac at end of aerial hypha
Sexual
Less frequent
nuclei fusion of 2 opposite mating strains
contains both parent’s strain
Protist (Kingdom)
Describe & Name
Leaves
Body
Stem
Roots
- Photoautroph
- Simple eukaryotes
- Most found in oceans: nutrients, light
Blades: Leaves
Thallus: Body
Stipes: stem
Holdfast: Roots
Protozoa
Descibe & explain types of reproductiion
- Unicellular
- Chemoheterotrophic
- Only few are pathogenic (Malaria)
- some have cyst: encystment to live in harsh environment
- Asexual reproduction: Budding, Binary Fission & Schizogany
- Sexual Reproduction: Conjugation
Schizogany: multiple division of nucleus
Conjugation: fusion of 2 cells, micronucleus fuses and 2 cells separate to provide 2 daughter cell
Protozoa Nutrition
- mostly aerobic hetertrophs except intestinal protozoa (anaerobic growth)
- some transport nutrients across plasma membrane
- Some have protective covering (pellicle) with cytostome (mouth)
- Digestion in vacuoles
- Eliminates waste in anal pore
Phyla of Protozoa
what are the 6 phyas
1) Archaezoa - no mitochondria, multiple flagella
- Giardia lamblia
- Trichomonas vaginalis
2) Microspora - no mitochondria, nonmotile, intracellular parasite
* Nosema
3) Amoebozoa - moves by pseudopods
- Entamoeba
- Acanthamoeba
4) Apicomplexa - nonmotile, intracellular parasite
- Plasmodium
- Babesia
- Cryptosporidium
- Cyclospora
5) Ciliophora - move by cilia
* Balantidium
6) Euglenozoa - move by flagella, hemoflagellates
* Trypanosoma - Sleeping sickness & Chagas disease
Slime Mold
Describe
- Have mold & amoebal characteristics
- Releases cAMP to bring slime molds together and forms into a single structure (slug)
- will stop migrating and begin forming stalk with spore cap which is then released and germinate
Multicellular
What do multicellular organisms generally posses
Generally possess:
- Digestive system
- Circulatory system
- Nervous system
- Excretory system
- Reporductive system
Helminths
Describe and what are the 2 phylas?
- Parasitic worm
- lives part or most in vertebrate host
- Has 2 phyla
Platyhelminthes: Flatworms
Nematoda: Roundworms
Helminths reproductive system
What types of reproductive system do they have?
Dioecious: male gender in one individual and female gender in another
Monoecious: Hermaphroditic. Two hermaphrodies can copulate
Platyhelminthes (Flat) - Tematodoes
Describe the life cycle
Termatodes (flukes):
- Leaf shaped
- has ventral sucker
- has oral sucker
- cuticle: nonliving outer covering where nutrient is absorbed
Life Cycle
Miracidium: free swimming > Grows into Redia in snail> Produces rediae > develps into Cercariae > Cercariae leaves snail > Enters lobster > Cercariae turns into Metacercaria > Man eats lobster > Metacercaria grows into adult fluke and lay eggs in lungs > eggs leave in feces.
- Eggs hatched
- Miracidium - free swimming
- Redia - Intermediate host
- Rediae - intermediate host
- Cercariae - intermediate host
- Metacercaria - definitive host
- Adultflue - definitive host
- Eggs layed
Platyhelminthes (Flat) - Cestodes
Describe
Tapeworm
- Intestinal parasite
- Scolex: Head
- has suckers and/or hooks for attachment
- Proglottids: Body segments
Proglottids: each contains male & female organs. Continuously grows from neck region of scolex
Nematodes
What are nematodes?
- Roundworms
- Cylindrical shape
- Has complete digestive tract: mouth, intestine & anus
- Hangs onto intestinal muscosa with its mouth
- Dioecious: males have spicules, helps transfer sperm to females
- Females bigger and full of ovaries
Hookworms: live in small intestine, larvae feed on bacteria, penetrates skin and enters blood stream
