Exam 3 Flashcards

Question

Competitive Inhibitors

Answer 1

Sulfonamides * Inhibits Folic acid synthesis * Broad Spectrum Action of Enzymes inhibited

Answer 2

Protease inhibitor * Indinavir (HIV) Integrase Inhibitor: (HIV) Attachment inhibition * Zanamivir (Influenza) * Block CCR5 (HIV) Uncoating inhibition * Amatadine (Influenza)

Answer 3

1) Blocks entry 2) Inactivates enzymes 3) Alters target molecule 4) Ejects antibiotic

Answer 4

Ability to cause disease Extent or degree of pathogenicity MM, Skin, Parenteral route

Answer 5

MM * Respiratory Tract: measles & Small pox * GI Tract: Hep A, Poliomyelitis, Typhoid fever, Amoebic dysentery, Cholera * Genitourinary Tract: HIV, warts, herpes * Conjunctiva: Trachoma

Answer 6

ID₅₀ (Infectious Dose) - causes disease in 50% of pop. LD₅₀(Lethal Dose) - Lethal dose in 50% of pop.

Answer 7

Adhesin aka Ligand binds to specific surface receptor of host tissue

Answer 8

increases virulence and inhibits phagocytosis Streptococcus pneumoniae Klebsiella pneumoniae Haemophilus influenza Anthracis Yersinia Pestis (Plague)

Answer 9

Encapsulated vs unencapsulated strains

Answer 10

Another virulent factor Heat & Acid resistant protein on cell surface and Fimbriae (Streptococcus pyogenes) Attaches to epithelial cells and resists phagocytosis

Answer 11

Outer membrane of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Bacteria fimbriae attaches to host Mycolic acid (mycobacterium tuberculosis) Resistant to phagocyte digestion and can multiply inside

Answer 12

Production of extracellular enzymes = Exoenzymes digest materials b/t cell and formed blood clot digest blood clots Hyaluronidase * Exoenzyme that hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid. * Assist in spreading * Blackenng of infected wounds * Clostrida = gas gangrene Collagenase * Exoenzyme that breaks down protein collagen (forms connective tissues) * Clostridium assists in spread of gas gangrene Kinase * Breaks down fibrin and digest clots that isolates the infection * (Streptococcus pyogenes) * (Staphyloccus aureus) - breaks down clot in heart attacks

Answer 13

Bacterial Enzyme that coagulates fibrinogen in blood Clot protects bacteria by isolating from host defenses (Staphylococci)

Answer 14

Exoenzyme, breaks down immunoglobulin A (IgA) found in mucosal membrane surface IgA, Prevents adherence of pathogen N. Gonorrhoeae & N. meningitidis produces IgA protease

Answer 15

Pathogens that can alter surface antigens and evades adaptive immune system Pathogen is unaffected by antibodies Influenzavirus N. Gonorrhoeae Trypanosoma brucei (african sleeping sickness) Leishmania donovani

Answer 16

Posionous substance produced by microbes * Transported by blood and Lymph * (Fever, Diarrhea, Shock) * Inhibits protein synthesis * Destroys blood cells/vessels * disrupt nervous system

Answer 17

Exotoxins - toxins are produced inside bacteria cell and is secreted out * Gram - & Gram + * Protein but acts as enzyme * Destroys particular host cell * inhibit certain metabolic functions * highly specific * extremely lethal * soluble * Botulism - by ingesting exotoxin * Most are A-B toxins _A-B Exotoxin_ * A: enzyme aka active, inhibits protein synthesis in host cell * B: binding _Types_ Membrane disrupting toxin * lysis host cell by forming protein channels in plasma membrane * Others disrupt phospholipid * Leukocidin (Staph & Strep) * Hemolysin (Staphy & Strep) * Streptolysin (Strep) Superantigens * Provoke intense immune response * Stimulates T-cell and releases cytokines (fever, nausea, vomit, diarrhea, shock, death) * Staph cause food poisoning & TSS

Answer 18

Endotoxins - outer membrane is the toxin that breaks apart * Gram - (Lipid A) * Lipoplysaccharides (exo are protein) * released when bacteria dies * Stimulates macrophages to release high concentrated cytokines (toxic) * Activates blood clotting protein which leads to necrosis of tissues (DIC) * Chills, fever, weakness, aches, shock, death, miscarriages * Pyrogenic response by producing prostaglandins from hypothalamus

Answer 19

Study of disease study of cause of disease development of disease colonization of pathogens abnormal state where body is not functionally normal

Answer 20

Rapid multiplication just before birth Normal Microbiota The first microorganism newborns come in contact with

Answer 21

Presents temporarily, days, weeks, months Permanet colonization Relationship b/t normal microbiota & host

Answer 22

One organism benefits/other is unaffected both benefits One benefits at the expense of other

Answer 23

Distribution & Compostion dependent on * Nutrients * Physical/Chemical/Mechanical factors * Host defenses

Answer 24

Same pathogen must be present in every disease Must be isolated from diseased host and grown in pure culture Must cause same disease when inoculated to another animal Must be isolated again and show its the same disease from original animal

Answer 25

Change in body function felt by patient. Non measurable change in body that is measured or observed as a result of disease Specific group of signs & symptom that accompies a disease

Answer 26

Spreads from one host to another easily spread from one host to another non transmitted disease

Answer 27

Fraction of pop. contracts disease during specific time Fraction of pop. having specific disease at a given time Disease occuring occasionally in population

Answer 28

constantly present disease acquired by many host in a short time worldwide epidemic immunity in most population

Answer 29

Symptoms develop rapidly disease develops slowly b/t acute and chronic period of no symptom or inactive

Answer 30

Limited to a small area of body throughout the body System that began as local infection

Answer 31

Toxic inflammation arising from spread of microbes. Bacteria in blood Growth of bacteria in blood

Answer 32

Toxin in blood Virues in blood

Answer 33

Acute infection with inital illness Opportunistic infection after primary infection No noticeable signs or symptoms

Answer 34

no sign mild symptom Recovery

Exam 3 Flashcards

(58 cards)